Response to infections in patients with asthma and atopic disease: An epiphenomenon or reflection of host susceptibility?

James, Kristina; Peebles, R. Stokes; Hartert, Tina V.

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.056

Cited by 86 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…The interaction between viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and atopic sensitization has been recognized as a major factor contributing to asthma development and exacerbation (86,87). Birth cohort studies provide strong evidence for a synergistic effect of viral LRTI and atopic sensitization on asthma inception particularly in predisposed children (56,88).…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, allergic asthmatic individuals experience more severe and prolonged LRTI symptoms with RV infection compared to nonatopic healthy controls (93). Biological mechanisms including impaired innate or altered adaptive immune function, abnormal airway structure and function following prior infections, genetic influences and extrinsic factors, such as maternal smoking, air pollution and nutritional factors (vitamin D), may explain the altered immune response to viral infections in asthmatic/allergic patients (87). Recently, antibody titres to species-specific RV infection in children during asthma exacerbation showed that antibody response to RV-C is low even when the virus was detected, pointing to a divergent and possibly less efficacious immune response to this subtype compared to RV-A and B (94).…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Allergy in severe asthma

Giacco

Bakırtaş

Bel

et al. 2016

Allergy

109

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It is well recognized that atopic sensitization is an important risk factor for asthma, both in adults and in children. However, the role of allergy in severe asthma is still under debate. The term 'Severe Asthma' encompasses a highly heterogeneous group of patients who require treatment on steps 4-5 of GINA guidelines to prevent their asthma from becoming 'uncontrolled', or whose disease remains 'uncontrolled' despite this therapy. Epidemiological studies on emergency room visits and hospital admissions for asthma suggest the important role of allergy in asthma exacerbations. In addition, allergic asthma in childhood is often associated with severe asthma in adulthood. A strong association exists between asthma exacerbations and respiratory viral infections, and interaction between viruses and allergy further increases the risk of asthma exacerbations. Furthermore, fungal allergy has been shown to play an important role in severe asthma. Other contributing factors include smoking, pollution and work-related exposures. The 'Allergy and Asthma Severity' EAACI Task Force examined the current evidence and produced this position document on the role of allergy in severe asthma.

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Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergy in severe asthma

Giacco

Bakırtaş

Bel

et al. 2016

Allergy

109

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“…Previously, we suggested that atopy may be one factor in the delayed maturation of the immune system, leading to transient hypogammaglobulinemia at early ages [29]. Delayed postnatal maturation of the immune system, including a delayed transition from Th2 to Th1 bias, is a risk factor for respiratory infections [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s Disease of the Immune System: A New Variant of Immune Deficiency

Melamed¹

2016

Immunother Open Acc

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The interaction between infectious pathogens and the immune system has been a focus of research for many years. However, the failure of re-recognition or immune memory of infectious pathogen remains a clear mystery A memory B cell defect coupled with low levels of C1-INH and/or C1-INH function-failure of both the innate and adaptive immune components-may lead to persistent unresolved infection. Here we present 3 case studies that explore the abnormal immune response that may lead to persistent infection. These cases offer possible clarification of a longstanding clinical observation that some patients may develop a post infectious syndrome that includes various neurological symptoms and unusual fatigue. These patients may have positive serology seen only during acute infectious phase and have a documented positive PCR, suggesting active presence of the pathogen. The unusual presentation is prolonged and irreversible. We use the term "Alzheimer's disease of the immune system" to identify this subtype due to the memory defect of the immune system. As we identified 3 common immune defects in all cases, we suggest a new immune deficiency leading to the post infectious syndrome.

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“…2 During the H1N1 influenza epidemic in 2009, patients with BA developed pneumonia twice as often as people without allergies, 50% and 27% respectively, and the pneumonia was significantly more severe, requiring ICU admission in 33% and 19% of patients, respectively. 2 Infection with influenza in children with allergies during the 2009 epidemic was diagnosed much more frequently than in children without diagnosed allergies. 3 The risk of developing severe bronchial asthma is particularly high when the child is exposed to airborne allergens and a viral infection.…”

Section: The Susceptibility Of Patients With Allergies To Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious and Non-Infectious Sensitisation of Patients with Bronchial Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Gb¹

2016

JLPRR

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The study involved 169 people, of which 33 were practically healthy, 69 had bronchial asthma, 24 had bronchial asthma combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 35 had COPD and 8 had community-acquired pneumonia. We assessed the presence of IgE to tick allergens, dust allergens, and the combined allergens of grass, trees, weeds and flower pollen. We determined the presence of IgE and IgG to the allergens Strept. рneumon., Haemofil. influenzae, Neisseria рerflava and Staph. аureus. We assessed the presence, multiplicity, severity and combination of sensitisation to the presence of specialised IgE towards infectious and atopic allergens. All study groups displayed sensitisation, including heaslthy people and patients with COPD and community-acquired pneumonia, who did not show clinical allergy symptoms. A statistically significant direct correlation was established between IgG and IgE to Strept. Pneumoniae and Haemofilus influenza in healthy subjects and those with pulmonary conditions. The IgE or IgG reaction to Neisseria perflava and Staph. аureus did not show a significant correlation in either healthy or affected subjects.Keywords: sensitization, allergy, mild bronchial asthma, immunoglobulin, allergen, food, industry, drug-related and other allergens, and every year new names are added to this list. The 15 most clinically common allergens are considered to be the main ones with diagnostic complexes being created for sensitisation diagnosis, which use specialised IgE. Using skin samples with airborne allergens, the rates of sensitisation in patients with BA varies between 51% and 81.9%. 16 The main fundamental mechanism of sensitisation is the formation of specialised IgE.17 There is a correlation between levels of specialised IgE, total IgE, the results of skin allergy testing, and BA severity.18 Patients with mild and moderate BA have a significant correlation between levels of specialised IgE to non-infectious allergens and the results of skin tests, the acetylcholine inhalation test, and the exhaled nitric oxide content. 19It is important to note that sensitisation and the related appearance of antigen-specific IgE antibodies is not necessarily accompanied by clinical allergy symptoms. 20 Therefore, sensitisation that manifests as an increased content of specialised class IgE antibodies can occur in people without allergy symptoms, including practically healthy people, as well as in people with allergies. An allergy is the combination of sensitisation (increased number of antigen-specific IgE antibodies) and clinical signs of an allergic condition. 21The sensitivity to airborne allergens does not decrease with time. 19 The biochemical properties of allergens and the sensitivity of respiratory epithelium to their active components can increase the permeability of the respiratory mucous membrane to respiratory allergens. Many allergens contain serine, cysteine and other proteases, which disrupt the barrier function of the respiratory epithelium and increase the allergenic effect of respirat...

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Response to infections in patients with asthma and atopic disease: An epiphenomenon or reflection of host susceptibility?

Cited by 86 publications

References 114 publications

Allergy in severe asthma

Allergy in severe asthma

Alzheimer’s Disease of the Immune System: A New Variant of Immune Deficiency

Infectious and Non-Infectious Sensitisation of Patients with Bronchial Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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