Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID19): a multicentre cohort’’ by Mastrolia<i>et al</i>

Borocco, Charlotte; Pouletty, Marie; Galeotti, Caroline; Meinzer, Ulrich; Faye, Albert; Koné‐Paut, Isabelle; Ouldali, Naïm; Melki, Isabelle

doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218814

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Soon after the first peak of SARSCoV2 in Italy, Verdoni et al reported on an unusual peak of children presenting with some manifestations of Kawasaki Disease (KD), but with atypical features, as older age at onset, high incidence of cardiogenic shock and myocarditis and abdominal symptoms. In the weeks after, as the SARSCoV2 spread across Europe first and U.S. thereafter more reports came of this hyperinflammatory syndrome possibly related to SARSCoV2 (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). This syndrome is nowadays called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) or Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome temporally associated with SARSCoV2 (PIMS-TS) and different case definition criteria have been proposed (11,18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spectrum of Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) Infection in Children: What We Can Learn From Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

Panaro

Cattalini

2021

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is defined as a clinically serious condition requiring hospitalization with fever, multi-system organ disfunction, inflammatory biomarkers increase. The syndrome develops in the context of a probable or ascertained Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) infection, but other possible etiologies should be ruled out for definitive diagnosis. On the clinical side, along with the multi-system involvement, myocarditis with heart failure and shock is the most striking feature. Capillary leak is another fundamental feature of MIS-C. In fact, shock and hemodynamic compromise in MIS-C can occur also in the absence of laboratory evidence of myocardial inflammation, with preserved cardiac function and rapid reversibility. Since the first observations of MIS-C patients, it was evident that there is a delay between the peak of adult cases of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and the MIS-C peak. Moreover, SARS-Cov2 isolation in children with MIS-C is not always possible, due to low viral load, while positive serology is far more commonly observed. These observations lead to the interpretation of MIS-C as a post-infectious disease. Although the exact pathogenesis of MIS-C is far from being elucidated, it is clear that it is a hyperinflammatory disease with a different inflammatory response as compared to what is seen in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and that the disease shares some, but not all, immunological features with Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS), Kawasaki Disease (KD), Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). Different mechanisms have been hypothesized as being responsible, from molecular mimicry to antibody dependent enhancement (ADE). Some evidence has also been collected on the immunological profile of patients with MIS-C and their difference from COVID-19. This review is focused on critical aspects of MIS-C clinical presentation and pathogenesis, and different immunological profiles. We propose a model where this hyperinflammatory disease represents one manifestation of the SARS-CoV2 spectrum in children, going from asymptomatic carriers to the post-infectious MIS-C, through symptomatic children, a low number of which may suffer from a severe infection with hyperinflammation (pediatric Hyper-COVID).

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spectrum of Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) Infection in Children: What We Can Learn From Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

Panaro

Cattalini

2021

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Acute heart failure is clearly a dissonant clinical feature of COVID-19 infection in children that is known to be less frequent and less severe than in adults and with very low mortality. 16,17 Besides its unusual nature, the main characteristic of COVID-19 acute myocarditis is its association with major multisystem inflammatory syndrome, mimicking a well-known pediatric entity, the Kawasaki disease. Currently three case definitions issued from the world health organization, the centres for disease control and prevention and the royal college of paediatrics and child health related to this emerging inflammatory condition during COVID-19 pandemic exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corona virus myocarditis in pediatric age group: a rare manifestation of pandemic

Praveen

Jhadav

Thakare

et al. 2021

Int J Contemp Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Myocarditis is an uncommon disease of adult and pediatric age group, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltrates, myocyte necrosis, or myocyte degeneration due to a myriad of causes and resulting in variable degrees of myocardial dysfunction. Which may be caused by infections, connective tissue disorders, granulomatous diseases, toxic agents or can be idiopathic. Viral infections are the most common etiology accounting for more than 50-60% of cases, particularly enterovirus (Coxsackie virus) and adenovirus groups. The disease is typically sporadic but may be epidemic. Manifestations of myocarditis range from asymptomatic or nonspecific generalized illness to acute cardiogenic shock and sudden death. In our case 10-year-old boy presented with history of fever and cough of 2 days duration. On examination patient found to be having tachycardia and tachypnea without other signs of heart failure. chest x-ray suggestive of bilateral pneumonia, ECG showed features of Myocarditis without any echocardiographic or cardiac enzyme abnormality. Child tested positive for corona virus rapid antigen test. Started on Favipiravir, corticosteroids and managed symptomatically. Child's heart rate normalized over a period of 4 days. Patient subsequently discharged with the advice of follow up echocardiography.

show abstract

A Saudi G6PD Deficient Girl Died with Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome-COVID-19

Al-Aamri¹,

Al-Khars²,

Alkhwaitem³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reports on pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PMIS) temporally related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are increasing. African and Afro-Caribbean children constituted about 47% of the cases in these reports. Despite the fact that glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is common among this population, the G6PD status of these cases has not been reported in these reports. We reported the first case of PMIS related to COVID-19 from Saudi Arabia. This case was a Saudi G6PD deficient girl who died with PMIS related to COVID-19. G6PD deficiency induces redox imbalance and exaggerates the inflammatory response; thus, it might contribute to the development or the grave outcome of our case. We urgently need to assess the association between G6PD deficiency and COVID-19 in a large study as the G6PD deficiency may be a useful predictor for the progression of the COVID-19.

show abstract

Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID19): a multicentre cohort’’ by Mastroliaet al

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

The Spectrum of Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) Infection in Children: What We Can Learn From Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

The Spectrum of Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) Infection in Children: What We Can Learn From Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

Corona virus myocarditis in pediatric age group: a rare manifestation of pandemic

A Saudi G6PD Deficient Girl Died with Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome-COVID-19

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About