Response to “Commentary on ‘Existential Well-Being: Spirituality or Well-Being?’”

Visser, Anja; Garssen, Bart; Vingerhoets, A.J.J.M.

doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000653

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These common factors could cause analogous levels of both R/S and mental health, without the one factor having an effect on the other one. A third option concerns the possibility that R/S is intrinsically related to mental health, though a recent study showed that the two concepts can be empirically distinguished (Visser, Garssen, & Vingerhoets, 2017). All of these options predict a high positive cross-sectional relationship, but a weak longitudinal association if the baseline values of mental health are taken into account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Spirituality or Religion Positively Affect Mental Health? Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies

Garssen

Visser

Pool

2020

The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion

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198

121

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The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the longitudinal positive effect of religion or spirituality (R/S) on mental health. We summarized 48 longitudinal studies (59 independent samples) using a random effects model. Mental health was operationalized as a continuous and a dichotomous distress measure, life satisfaction, well-being, and quality of life. R/S included participation in public and private religious activities, support from church members, importance of religion, intrinsic religiousness, positive religious coping, meaningfulness, and composite measures. The meta-analysis yielded a significant, but small overall effect size of r = .08 (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.10). Of eight R/S predictors that were distinguished, only participation in public religious activities and importance of religion were significantly related to mental health (r = .08 and r = .09, respectively; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.11 and 0.05 to 0.12, respectively). In conclusion, there is evidence for a positive effect of R/S on mental health, but this effect is small.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Spirituality or Religion Positively Affect Mental Health? Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies

Garssen

Visser

Pool

2020

The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion

Self Cite

198

121

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“…However, we did include depressed mood at T1, which was moderately correlated, r = .43, p < .001 with T3 depressive symptoms, as a covariate. Finally, a criticism of the FACIT-Sp, and particularly the peace subscale, is that its items overlap with items measuring well-being (de Jager Meezenbroek et al, 2012; Visser, Garssen, & Vingerhoets, 2017). Controlling for T1 depressed mood and examining three spirituality subscales rather than a combined meaning/peace subscale lend some confidence to the findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirituality and depressive symptoms in a multiethnic sample of cancer survivors.

Bamishigbin¹,

Stein²,

Stanton³

2020

Health Psychology

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Objective: This study aimed to (a) examine the relationships of 3 facets of spirituality (i.e., meaning, peace, faith), and their interaction, with depressive symptoms among Black, Latino, and White cancer survivors; and (b) test fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and social support (SS) as mediators of these relationships. Method: Data were analyzed from the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors-I, a longitudinal population-based study of cancer survivors' quality of life. A national sample of Black (n ϭ 194), Latino (n ϭ 90), and White (n ϭ 2,775) survivors of the top 10 incident cancers completed measures 1 year (Time 1, T1), 2 years (Time 2, T2), and 9 years (Time 3, T3) postdiagnosis. Results: After controlling for T1 depressed mood and demographic and medical characteristics, T1 lower meaning and lower peace, but not faith, predicted greater depressive symptoms at T3 in the total sample. A significant interaction showed that higher faith predicted greater depressive symptoms specifically in the context of lower meaning. Race/ethnicity did not affect these relationships. FCR at T2 partially mediated the relationships of T1 meaning and peace with T3 depressive symptoms, and SS partially mediated the relationship between T1 meaning and T3 depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Cancer survivors with greater meaning and peace appear better able to integrate the cancer experience into their lives. An interaction between T1 meaning and faith on T3 depressive symptoms replicated previous findings. Future research should treat spirituality as a multidimensional construct and focus on identifying and influencing malleable mechanisms of the associations between spirituality and mental health.

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“…Moreover, convergent and discriminant validity were supported, and good internal consistency and adequate test–retest reliability of the different subscales were observed across the different samples. A study by Visser et al ( 2017 ) also revealed a good fit for the measurement model of the SAIL and good internal consistency of the subscales in cancer patients. More recently, a Polish version of the SAIL showed satisfactory psychometric properties and construct validity in a sample of nurses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The first goal of the present study was to develop a reliable short form of the SAIL that preserved its content validity by, similar to the development of the MHC-SF, including one item from each of the seven original aspects (subscales) of spiritual well-being as observed and defined by de Jager Meezenbroek et al ( 2012a ). For this, secondary data analyses were performed on data from nurses (Van Leeuwen et al, 2015 ) and cancer patients (Visser et al, 2017 ) that previously completed the original 26-item SAIL to consider both individuals from a clinical population as well as a non-clinical population. The resulting 7-item SAIL-SF was subsequently administered in a general population sample of people participating in a trial assessing the effects of a positive psychology app.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spirituality in the Context of Well-being. Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties and Added Value of the Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List Short Form (SAIL-SF)

et al. 2023

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There is growing evidence that spiritual well-being is positively associated with adaptive coping and health. The Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List (SAIL) was developed to measure a sense of connectedness to oneself, the environment and the transcendent as a universal experience. The aim of the current study was to develop a short form of the SAIL (SAIL-SF). A factor analytic approach was adopted to select the items for the SAIL-SF based on earlier studies among nurses (n = 458) and cancer patients (n = 445). The dimensionality, factor-loadings, internal consistency, construct validity and incremental validity of the final SAIL-SF were then evaluated in a new sample of adults (n = 225) participating in a trial assessing a positive psychology intervention. The first study yielded seven items, each representing one of the dimensions of the original SAIL: meaningfulness, trust, acceptance, caring for others, connectedness with nature, transcendent experiences, and spiritual activities. The seven items represented a single meaningful factor in both samples and the factor loadings of the items were adequately high. In the second study, a good fit across the various model indices was found and all items had adequately high factor loadings in a strict unidimensional confirmatory factor model and demonstrated good internal consistency. The SAIL-SF explained 7% of variance in ability to adapt above and beyond emotional, psychological, and social well-being. The current study shows that the SAIL-SF has good psychometric properties, and that spiritual well-being has a unique contribution to the ability to adapt in comparison with other types of well-being.

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Response to “Commentary on ‘Existential Well-Being: Spirituality or Well-Being?’”

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Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Does Spirituality or Religion Positively Affect Mental Health? Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies

Does Spirituality or Religion Positively Affect Mental Health? Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies

Spirituality and depressive symptoms in a multiethnic sample of cancer survivors.

Spirituality in the Context of Well-being. Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties and Added Value of the Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List Short Form (SAIL-SF)

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