Response to Comment on “Movement Intention After Parietal Cortex Stimulation in Humans”

Sirigu, Angela; Mottolèse, C.; Desmurget, Michel

doi:10.1126/science.1183758

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Electrical stimulation in a region which overlaps with the posterior group in Brodmann area 39, and also includes posterior sites in area 40, produces a desire to move, in absence of any overt movement (Desmurget et al, 2009), leading the authors to the hypothesis that this part of PPC encodes motor intention, a conclusion, however overtly contended (Karnath et al, 2010) or critically discussed (Haggard, 2009), and that raised a vivid debate (see Sirigu et al, 2010). It is worth stressing that parietal patients show a specific impairment in the awareness of conscious intention, since they became conscious just before the onset of an action and have difficulties in distinguishing between the onset of intentions and actions (Sirigu et al, 2003), as if they retain the ability to time their actions, but cannot access a forward model that simulates their future consequences.…”

Section: The Inferior Parietal Lobulementioning

confidence: 98%

Organization and evolution of parieto-frontal processing streams in macaque monkeys and humans

Caminiti

Innocenti

Battaglia-Mayer

2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Section: The Inferior Parietal Lobulementioning

confidence: 98%

Organization and evolution of parieto-frontal processing streams in macaque monkeys and humans

Caminiti

Innocenti

Battaglia-Mayer

2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…In particular, the range of questions it allows us to address is strongly restricted by clinical demands and peroperative constraints. This is why the results obtained with this technique have to be interpreted in light of a more general knowledge, generated by other approaches [16]. Consider, for instance, neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonnance imaging-fMRI, positron emission tomography-PET) and electrophysiology (electro and magneto encephalography-EEG, MEG).…”

Section: Electrical Stimulation: a Unique Approach For Probing Brain mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of course, this model is not only based on the outcomes of DES studies but also on a large array of clinical, neuroimaging and electrophysiological data. However, DES was a key method through which the material generated by each of these approaches could be interpreted and aggregated [16].…”

Section: Mapping High-level Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing humans’ sensorimotor functions with electrical cortical stimulation

Desmurget

Sirigu

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Controlling brain activity to alter perception, behaviour and society'. Direct electrical stimulation (DES) of the human brain has been used by neurosurgeons for almost a century. Although this procedure serves only clinical purposes, it generates data that have a great scientific interest. Had DES not been employed, our comprehension of the organization of the sensorimotor systems involved in movement execution, language production, the emergence of action intentionality or the subjective feeling of movement awareness would have been greatly undermined. This does not mean, of course, that DES is a gold standard devoid of limitations and that other approaches are not of primary importance, including electrophysiology, modelling, neuroimaging or psychophysics in patients and healthy subjects. Rather, this indicates that the contribution of DES cannot be restricted, in humans, to the ubiquitous concepts of homunculus and somatotopy. DES is a fundamental tool in our attempt to understand the human brain because it represents a unique method for mapping sensorimotor pathways and interfering with the functioning of localized neural populations during the performance of well-defined behavioural tasks.

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Fear conditioning is associated with dynamic directed functional interactions between and within the human amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal lobe

et al. 2011

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The current model of fear conditioning suggests that it is mediated through modules involving the amygdala (AMY), hippocampus (HIP), and frontal lobe (FL). We now test the hypothesis that habituation and acquisition stages of a fear conditioning protocol are characterized by different event-related causal interactions (ERC) within and between these modules. The protocol employed the painful cutaneous laser as the unconditioned stimulus and ERC was estimated by analysis of local field potentials recorded through electrodes implanted for investigation of epilepsy. During the pre-stimulus interval of the habituation stage FL>AMY ERC interactions were common. For comparison, in the post-stimulus interval of the habituation stage only a subdivision of the FL (dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, dlPFC) still exerted the FL>AMY ERC interaction (dlFC>AMY). For a further comparison, during the poststimulus interval of the acquisition stage the dlPFC>AMY interaction persisted and an AMY>FL interaction appeared. In addition to these ERC interactions between modules, the results also show ERC interactions within modules. During the post-stimulus interval HIP>HIP ERC interactions were more common during acquisition, and deep hippocampal contacts exerted causal interactions upon superficial contacts, possibly explained by connectivity between the perihippocampal gyrus and the hippocampus. During the prestimulus interval of the habituation stage AMY>AMY ERC interactions were commonly found, while interactions between the deep and superficial amygdala (indirect pathway) were independent of intervals and stages. These results suggest that the network subserving fear includes distributed or widespread modules, some of which are themselves `local networks'. ERC interactions between and within modules can be either static or change dynamically across intervals or stages of fear conditioning.

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Response to Comment on “Movement Intention After Parietal Cortex Stimulation in Humans”

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Organization and evolution of parieto-frontal processing streams in macaque monkeys and humans

Organization and evolution of parieto-frontal processing streams in macaque monkeys and humans

Revealing humans’ sensorimotor functions with electrical cortical stimulation

Fear conditioning is associated with dynamic directed functional interactions between and within the human amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal lobe

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