Response to comment on: Exp Brain Res. 2011 May 5th. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of macaque frontal eye fields decreases saccadic reaction time. Pierre Pouget PhD, Nicolas Wattiez MSc and Antoni Valero-Cabre MDPhD

Representation of Sound Objects within Early-Stage Auditory Areas: A Repetition Effect Study Using 7T fMRI

“…The surrounding, frequency-selective region (p = 0.05, uncorrected) was subdivided into 8 ROIs: M1 , L1 , M2 , L2 , M3 , L3 , M4 , and L4 . Several ROIs were homologues of the auditory areas found in previous architectonic studies [ 5 , 6 ]. M1, L1, L2, L3, L4 and M4 corresponded, respectively, to PA (posterior auditory area), LA (lateral auditory area), ALA (anterior lateral auditory area), AA (anterior auditory area), ALA—AA (junction between ALA and AA), and MA (medial auditory area).…”

“…The 10 areas (M1, L1, M2, A1, L2, M3, R, L3, M4, and L4; Fig 1 , Table 1 and S2 Fig ) included thus primary and non-primary auditory areas, in agreement with the monkey model [ 8 ]. Several of these areas have been identified in previous architectonic studies [ 5 , 6 ] ( Table 1 ); M1, L1, L2, L3, L4 and M4 corresponded, respectively, to PA (posterior auditory area), LA (lateral auditory area), ALA (anterior lateral auditory area), ALA—AA (junction between the anterior lateral and anterior auditory areas), AA (anterior auditory area), and MA (medial auditory area).…”

“…The human primary auditory cortex (PAC) is currently defined on the basis of cytoarchitectonic and tonotopic criteria. It is co-extensive with the koniocortex on the medial two-thirds of Heschl’s gyrus (HG) [ 1 – 6 ]. Its precise localization in activation studies relies, especially in cases of partial or complete HG duplication (in 40–60% of hemispheres [ 4 , 7 ]), on tonotopic mapping.…”

“…The cortex adjacent to PAC contains several non-primary areas—the auditory belt areas—which are architectonically inhomogeneous [ 12 , 15 , 16 , 24 , 25 ]. The use of function-related chemical stains on post-mortem human brains has led to the identification of several early-stage areas which are the likely homologues of primate belt areas: the anterior area (AA), the medial area (MA), the anterior-lateral area (ALA), the lateral area (LA) and the posterior area (PA) [ 5 , 6 ]. The non-primary areas are partly frequency-selective, but without a clearcut tonotopic organisation [ 17 ].…”

“…Recognition of environmental sounds involves the early-stage auditory areas as well as parts of the temporal and parietal convexities [ 27 – 31 ]. The discrimination between broad categories, such as living vs. man-made sound sources occurs very rapidly (as early as 70 ms after stimulus onset) due to the interactions of top-down and bottom-up processes, which characterize the ventral and dorsal auditory streams [ 32 – 35 ].…”