RESPONSE TO AUER <i>ET AL</i>.'S ‘WEIGHT GAIN ACCORDING TO GUM USE IN PARTICIPANTS IN THE INTERVENTION GROUPS: COMMENT ON FERGUSON <i>ET AL</i>. 2011’

Ferguson, Stuart G.; Shiffman, Saul; Rohay, Jeffrey M.; Gitchell, Joseph G.; Garvey, Arthur J.

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03466.x

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, it is clear that galaxies must form in a hierarchical way through mergers and accretion of material from the intergalactic medium. This view has supporting evidence from both observations of the stellar mass functions of galaxies (e.g., Bundy et al 2006;, direct observations of mergers in the distant universe (e.g., Conselice et al 2003Conselice et al , 2008Bluck et al 2009Bluck et al , 2012, as well as through the evolution of galaxy sizes (e.g., Ferguson et al 2004;Trujillo et al 2007;Buitrago et al 2008;Weinzirl et al 2011). Evidence from internal kinematics also suggests that galaxy formation is driven at least in part by the accumulation of gas from the intergalactic medium falling onto a galaxy (e.g., Keres et al 2005;Genzel et al 2008;Dekel et al 2009a,b;Bournaud et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…However, there is little to no evidence for gas accretion onto galaxies at high redshift currently (e.g., Steidel et al 2010), although some claims are appearing at lower redshifts (e.g., Rauch et al 2011). This is primarily due to the difficultly of observing this process since the covering fraction of accreting cold gas is likely not high (e.g., Faucher-Giguere, Keres & Ma 2011;Kimm et al 2011;Fumagalli et al 2011), nor would this gas be easily detected in, for example, absorption (e.g., Weiner et al 2009;Giavalisco et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gas accretion as a dominant formation mode in massive galaxies from the GOODS NICMOS Survey

Conselice

Mortlock

Bluck

et al. 2013

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The ability to resolve all processes which drive galaxy formation is one of the most fundamental goals in extragalactic astronomy. While star formation rates and the merger history are now measured with increasingly high certainty, the role of gas accretion from the intergalactic medium in supplying gas for star formation still remains largely unknown. We present in this paper indirect evidence for the accretion of gas into massive galaxies with initial stellar masses M * > 10 11 M ⊙ and following the same merger adjusted co-moving number density at lower redshifts during the epoch 1.5 < z < 3, using results from the GOODS NICMOS Survey (GNS). Our method utilises the observed star formation rates of these massive galaxies based on UV and far-infrared observations, and the amount of stellar and gas mass added due to observed major and minor mergers to calculate the evolution of stellar mass in these systems. We show that the measured gas mass fractions of these massive galaxies are inconsistent with the observed star formation history for the same galaxy population. We further demonstrate that this additional gas mass cannot be accounted for by cold gas delivered through minor and major mergers. We also consider the effects of gas outflows and gas recycling due to stellar evolution in these calculations. We argue that to sustain star formation at the observed rates there must be additional methods for increasing the cold gas mass, and that the likeliest method for establishing this supply of gas is by accretion from the intergalactic medium. We calculate that the average gas mass accretion rate into these massive galaxies between 1.5 < z < 3.0, isṀ = 96 ± 19 M ⊙ yr −1 after accounting for outflowing gas. This is similar to what is predicted in detailed simulations of galaxy formation. We show that during this epoch, and for these very massive galaxies, 49±20% of baryonic mass assembly is a result of gas accretion and unresolved mergers, while the remaining ∼ 25 ± 10% is put into place through existing stars from mergers, with the remainder is gas brought in with these mergers. However, 66±20% of all star formation in this epoch is the result of gas accretion. This reveals that for the most massive galaxies at 1.5 < z < 3 gas accretion is the dominant method for instigating new stellar mass assembly.

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confidence: 53%

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confidence: 99%

Gas accretion as a dominant formation mode in massive galaxies from the GOODS NICMOS Survey

Conselice

Mortlock

Bluck

et al. 2013

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…In summary, we found that attenuation of the respiratory chemoreflex and extreme hypothermia were dependent on Di expression coupled with CNO administration in double-transgenic Slc6a4-cre, RC::PDi mice; these phenotypes were not observed after CNO administration to control Di-negative siblings. CNO neutrality has also been observed in control animals subjected to a host of other physiological and behavioral assays in mice (7,(19)(20)(21). We appreciate the opportunity here to recount our experimental design details and, like Löffler et al, we stress the necessity of controlling for effects potentially mediated by CNO alone and/or its metabolites.…”

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confidence: 80%

Response to Comment on “Impaired Respiratory and Body Temperature Control Upon Acute Serotonergic Neuron Inhibition”

Dymecki

Ray

Brust

et al. 2012

Science

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Löffler et al . highlight the important potential of designer receptors exclusively activated by a designer drug (DREADD)–based technologies to study cell type–specific functions but cautions that the triggering DREADD ligand, clozapine- N -oxide (CNO) might, through potential conversion products, have bioactivity outside of the synthetic DREADD receptor system and maintains that Ray et al . did not control for such activity. We recount controls used in our work that indicated no discernible DREADD-independent effects of CNO on the homeostatic assays employed and discuss in this regard murine studies reporting CNO bioneutrality in other assays, the rapid renal clearance of N-oxides like CNO, and evidence of negligible conversion to clozapine (CN) in mice and rats.

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“…2 The researchers tested the device with an aptamer against the cancer drug doxorubicin using both blood drawn continuously from anaesthetised rats and human blood samples (purchased commercially rather than drawn from a living volunteer). As the procedure only uses 0.25ml/hour of blood, the loss of blood is negligible even over extended monitoring times.…”

Section: Real Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemistry & Industry

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RESPONSE TO AUER ET AL.'S ‘WEIGHT GAIN ACCORDING TO GUM USE IN PARTICIPANTS IN THE INTERVENTION GROUPS: COMMENT ON FERGUSON ET AL. 2011’

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Gas accretion as a dominant formation mode in massive galaxies from the GOODS NICMOS Survey

Gas accretion as a dominant formation mode in massive galaxies from the GOODS NICMOS Survey

Response to Comment on “Impaired Respiratory and Body Temperature Control Upon Acute Serotonergic Neuron Inhibition”

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