Response times for visually guided saccades in persons with Parkinson's disease: A meta-analytic review

Chambers, Jonathan M.; Prescott, Tony J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.11.006

Cited by 78 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Previously, Parkinsonian hypometria has only been found consistently under “open loop” or memory-guided conditions where peripheral target stimuli are not present. Responding in stimulus driven conditions is typically found to be normal or even show evidence for speeding of response latencies under certain conditions in PD (Chambers & Prescott, 2010). The present experiments suggest that hypometria may occur under other conditions where saccades have to be made partially on the basis of internal cognitive representations (in this case learned rules or stimulus response mappings) even when visual markers for responding are provided in the display.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning and switching between stimulus-saccade associations in Parkinson’s disease

et al. 2013

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Making flexible associations between what we see and what we do is important for many everyday tasks. Previous work in patients with focal lesions has shown that the control of saccadic eye movements in such contexts relies on a network of areas in the frontal cerebral cortex. These regions are reciprocally connected with structures in the basal ganglia although the contribution of these sub-cortical structures to oculomotor control in complex tasks is not well understood. We report the performance of patients with idiopathic Parkinsons disease (PDs) in a test which required learning and switching between arbitrary cue-saccade rules. In Experiment 1 feedback was given following each response which reliably indicated which of the two possible rules was correct. PDs were slower to learn the first cue-saccade association presented, but did not show increased error or reaction time switch costs when switching between two rules within blocks. In a follow up experiment the feedback given by the computer was adjusted to be probabilistic such that executing a response based upon the “correct” rule only resulted in positive feedback on 80% of trials. Under these conditions patients were impaired in terms of response latencies and number of errors. In all conditions PDs showed multi-stepping/hypometria of saccades consistent with a motoric deficit in executing actions based on cognitive cues. The findings are consistent with a role for the nigrostriatal dopamine system in the reinforcement of saccade-response-outcome associations. Intact performance of PDs when associations are not stochastically reinforced suggests that striatal learning systems are complemented by cognitive representations of task rules which are unaffected in the early stages of PD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning and switching between stimulus-saccade associations in Parkinson’s disease

et al. 2013

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“…A recent meta-analysis suggested that the eccentricity of the visual target has a critical effect on PST reaction times in PD. PD patients trigger saccades more rapidly when the target is relatively close to fixation point and more slowly for targets that are more distant (Chambers and Prescott 2010). However, there is a lack of consensus on antisaccades (Lueck et al 1990;Kitagawa et al 1994;Vidailhet et al 1994a;Crevits and DeRidder 1997;Briand et al 2001;Cameron et al 2012).…”

Section: Saccadic Eye Movements In Parkinson's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of working memory and attentional disengagement on inhibitory control: effects of aging and Alzheimer's disease

Crawford

Higham²,

Mayes

et al. 2012

AGE

101

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Patients with Alzheimer's disease have an impairment of inhibitory control for reasons that are currently unclear. Using an eye-tracking task (the gapoverlap paradigm), we examined whether the uncorrected errors relate to the task of attentional disengagement in preparation for action. Alternatively, the difficulty in correcting for errors may be caused by the working memory representation of the task. A major aim of this study was to distinguish between the effects of healthy aging and neurodegenerative disease on the voluntary control of saccadic eye movements. Using the antisaccade task (AST) and pro-saccade task (PST) with the 'gap' and 'overlap' procedures, we obtained detailed eye-tracking measures in patients, with 18 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, 25 patients with Parkinson's disease and 17 healthy young and 18 old participants. Uncorrected errors in the AST were selectively increased in Alzheimer's disease, but not in Parkinson's disease compared to the control groups. These uncorrected errors were strongly correlated with spatial working memory. There was an increase in the saccade reaction times to targets that were presented simultaneously with the fixation stimulus, compared to the removal of fixation. This 'gap' effect (i.e. overlap-gap) saccade reaction time was elevated in the older groups compared to young group, which yielded a strong effect of aging and no specific effect of neurodegenerative disease. Healthy aging, rather than neurodegenerative disease, accounted for the increase in the saccade reaction times to the target that are presented simultaneously with a fixation stimulus. These results suggest that the impairment of inhibitory control in the AST may provide a convenient and putative mark of working memory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.

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“…Further, there is even disagreement about whether prosaccade latencies in PD are slower, faster, or indistinguishable (29, 30). There are many variables that have been shown to affect saccade parameters including age (31), dopaminergic medication (24), and disease stage (30, 32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slowed Prosaccades and Increased Antisaccade Errors As a Potential Behavioral Biomarker of Multiple System Atrophy

et al. 2017

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Current clinical diagnostic tools are limited in their ability to accurately differentiate idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) from multiple system atrophy (MSA) and other parkinsonian disorders early in the disease course, but eye movements may stand as objective and sensitive markers of disease differentiation and progression. To assess the use of eye movement performance for uniquely characterizing PD and MSA, subjects diagnosed with PD (N = 21), MSA (N = 11), and age-matched controls (C, N = 20) were tested on the prosaccade and antisaccade tasks using an infrared eye tracker. Twenty of these subjects were retested ~7 months later. Saccade latencies, error rates, and longitudinal changes in saccade latencies were measured. Both PD and MSA patients had greater antisaccade error rates than C subjects, but MSA patients exhibited longer prosaccade latencies than both PD and C patients. With repeated testing, antisaccade latencies improved over time, with benefits in C and PD but not MSA patients. In the prosaccade task, the normal latencies of the PD group show that basic sensorimotor oculomotor function remain intact in mid-stage PD, whereas the impaired latencies of the MSA group suggest additional degeneration earlier in the disease course. Changes in antisaccade latency appeared most sensitive to differences between MSA and PD across short time intervals. Therefore, in these mid-stage patients, increased antisaccade errors combined with slowed prosaccade latencies might serve as a useful marker for early differentiation between PD and MSA, and, antisaccade performance, a measure of MSA progression. Together, our findings suggest that eye movements are promising biomarkers for early differentiation and progression of parkinsonian disorders.

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Response times for visually guided saccades in persons with Parkinson's disease: A meta-analytic review

Cited by 78 publications

References 71 publications

Learning and switching between stimulus-saccade associations in Parkinson’s disease

Learning and switching between stimulus-saccade associations in Parkinson’s disease

The role of working memory and attentional disengagement on inhibitory control: effects of aging and Alzheimer's disease

Slowed Prosaccades and Increased Antisaccade Errors As a Potential Behavioral Biomarker of Multiple System Atrophy

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