Response-Time Measurement in Survey Research A Method for Cati and a New Look at Nonattitudes

Bassili, John N.; Fletcher, Joseph

doi:10.1086/269265

Cited by 132 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…Relatedly, many additional studies have found the stability of attitude reports over time and/ or resistance to counterattitudinal information to vary as a function of attitude accessibility (e.g., Bassili, 1996;Bassili & Fletcher, 1991;Fazio & Williams, 1986;Zanna, Fazio, & Ross, 1994). Moderating effects of the sort reviewed in this section clearly illustrate the importance of attitude strength.…”

Section: (Some) Attitudes Are Constructedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes as Object–Evaluation Associations of Varying Strength

2007

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Historical developments regarding the attitude concept are reviewed, and set the stage for consideration of a theoretical perspective that views attitude, not as a hypothetical construct, but as evaluative knowledge. A model of attitudes as object-evaluation associations of varying strength is summarized, along with research supporting the model's contention that at least some attitudes are represented in memory and activated automatically upon the individual's encountering the attitude object. The implications of the theoretical perspective for a number of recent discussions related to the attitude concept are elaborated. Among these issues are the notion of attitudes as "constructions," the presumed malleability of automatically-activated attitudes, correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of attitude, and postulated dual or multiple attitudes.For nearly 25 years now, a particular view of attitudes has formed the underpinnings of my research program on the consequences of attitudes for attention, categorization, judgment, and behavior. It was in 1982 that my colleagues and I first proposed that attitudes can be viewed as object-evaluation associations in memory (Fazio, Chen, McDonel, & Sherman, 1982). The perspective has proven much more illuminating (and occupied us for much longer) than we had envisioned at the time. It has fostered examination of a wide variety of questions regarding attitudes, and it continues to provide a valuable perspective for considering new issues. In this article, I summarize the theoretical model and some of the research findings that support it, as well as the perspective the model provides regarding some recent discussions of attitudes as constructions, the presumed malleability of attitudes, correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of attitude, and postulated dual or multiple attitudes.

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Section: (Some) Attitudes Are Constructedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes as Object–Evaluation Associations of Varying Strength

2007

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“…Segundo Fazio (1995), o racional subjacente é de que, quanto mais acessível uma avaliação, menor é o esforço cognitivo dispendido para responder e consequentemente, mais rápida será tal resposta. Ou seja, a rapidez de resposta sinaliza que a atitude vem facilmente à mente (e.g., Bassili & Fletcher, 1991). Ao nível de normas de avaliação de estímulos pictóricos, autores como Calvo e Avero (2009), utilizaram o tempo de resposta como indicador de eficácia de processamento (operacionalizada pela rapidez na avaliação das imagens utilizando uma escala dicotómica Desagradável/Agradável) na avaliação de imagens do International Affective Picture System (IAPS, Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 2008).…”

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Continuação do FIM – Normas de valência e familiaridade das imagens do Ficheiro de Imagens Multicategoriais

Prada¹,

Cunha

Garcia‐Marques

et al. 2013

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Resumo Neste estudo introduzimos uma extensão do Ficheiro de Imagens Multicategoriais (FIM 1 , Prada & Garcia-Marques, 2006) Continuação do FIM -Normas de valência e familiaridade das imagens do Ficheiro de Imagens Multicategoriais Marília Prada ISCTE -Instituto Universitário de Lisboa / ISPA -Instituto Universitário (UIPCDE)Cátia Cunha ISPA -Instituto UniversitárioTeresa Garcia-Marques ISPA -Instituto Universitário David Rodrigues ISCTE -Instituto Universitário de Lisboa / ISPA -Instituto Universitário (UIPCDE)Nota do autor: Este trabalho foi realizado como parte dos trabalhos de doutoramento de Marília Prada financiados pelo programa POCI 2010 da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. A correspondência relativa a este artigo deverá ser enviada para: Marília Prada; E-mail: marilia_prada@iscte.pt 1 As imagens que compõem este ficheiro estão disponíveis no arquivo LP (Revista Laboratório de Psicologia), associado ao Laboratório de Psicologia do ISPA. [The images that constitute this file are available in the LP archive which is associated to the Psychology Laboratory of ISPA.]

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“…A number of studies have measured reaction time latencies to judge the valence of racial and nonracial words or decide that a string of positive, negative or neutral letters constitute a word after exposure to a sub-conscious racial or non-racial prime (Fazio et al 1997;Greenwald, McGhee and Schwartz 1998;Lepore and Brown 1997;Wittenbrink et al 1997). Although these techniques are easier to implement in laboratory experiments than in surveys, recent developments in the measurement of survey response times may facilitate the adoption of these methods in political science (Bassili and Fletcher 1991). Another approach that shows promise is drawn from studies of motivated reasoning.…”

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confidence: 99%