Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Optimization for Dispersion Stability of SnO2 nanodispersions using Plackett Burman and Central Composite Design Method

Abstract

This study delves into optimizing the dispersion stability of SnO2 nanoparticles using Response Surface Methodology in two different solvents—deionized water and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The critical factors influencing SnO2 dispersion stability, specifically the concentration of nanoparticles, sonication time, and the addition of a surfactant, were considered. The respond surface methodology optimization process involved two stages: a Plackett Burman Design and a Central Composite Design. The Plackett Burman Design identified significant factors impacting the dispersion stability, while the Central Composite Design optimized these factors and quantified their effects. The results demonstrate that, under optimized conditions, SnO2 exhibits better dispersion stability in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone compared to deionized water. Zeta potential measurements further support this, with SnO2 in deionized water showing − 13.5 mV (threshold of agglomeration) and SnO2 in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone showing − 30.5 mV (moderate stability). This research not only enhances our understanding of the impact of sonication time and the addition of the surfactant in nanoparticle dispersion but also highlights the effectiveness of respond surface methodology in tailoring conditions for stability. The insights gained have broad applications in materials science, paving the way for improved optimization strategies in nanoparticle dispersion studies.