Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Based Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Sennoside A, Sennoside B, Aloe-Emodin, Emodin, and Chrysophanol from Senna alexandrina (Aerial Parts): HPLC-UV and Antioxidant Analysis

Abstract

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized to maximize the yields of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol from S. alexandrina (aerial parts). The three UAE factors, extraction temperature (S1), extraction time (S2), and liquid to solid ratio (S3), were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design was used for experimental design and phytoconstituent analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be a 64.2 °C extraction temperature, 52.1 min extraction time, and 25.2 mL/g liquid to solid ratio. The experimental values of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol (2.237, 12.792, 2.457, 0.261, and 1.529%, respectively) agreed with those predicted (2.152, 12.031, 2.331, 0.214, and 1.411%, respectively) by RSM models, thus demonstrating the appropriateness of the model used and the accomplishment of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions. Excellent antioxidant properties were exhibited by S. alexandrina methanol extract obtained using the optimized extraction conditions with a DPPH assay (IC50 = 59.7 ± 1.93, µg/mL) and ABTS method (47.2 ± 1.40, µg/mL) compared to standard ascorbic acid.

“Enhancing Fruit Preservation: Fungal Growth Inhibition with Grape Seed‐Mediated Ag@AgCl Nanoparticles through Desirability‐Based Optimization”

“…The values under investigation in these studies were displayed in discrete steps along each axis. The size of the inhibition zone can be inferred from the z‐axis [87,88] …”

“…The size of the inhibition zone can be inferred from the z-axis. [87,88] Using the RSM 3D graph, we examined the interplay between time, concentration, fungal species, and the zone of inhibition for antifungal activity. For each fungal species, the optimum fungal species and concentrations that produced the largest inhibition zones were determined.…”

Highly Biocompatible Apigenin-Loaded Silk Fibroin Nanospheres: Preparation, Characterization, and Anti-Breast-Cancer Activity

“…The column used in this experiment was a C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) [ 23 ]. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (50:50) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, the detection wavelength was 270 nm, the column temperature was 30 °C, isocratic elution was used, and the injection volume was 20 μL each time.…”

Beneficiation of organic black onion and lemon peel by-products through extraction and investigation of bioactive compounds

“…For the time being, the colored solvent, 47.5% ethanol, tends to remain below. The active ingredient is ineffective in employing response surface analysis using the IC50 method (Alam et al, 2022). As a result, a method was chosen to boil the sample in 95% ethanol for 5 hours and 1 hour, which is the appropriate timing and solvent for the extraction of black onion active ingredients.…”