“…Moreover, the decades-long challenge of overcoming ipsative scores and inferring proper measurement from FC data (Cornwell & Dunlap, 1994;Hicks, 1970;Johnson, Wood, & Blinkhorn, 1988) has been resolved by Item Response Theory (IRT) modeling of FC responses (Brown, 2014;Brown & Maydeu-Olivares, 2011, 2013Chernyshenko et al, 2009;Stark, Chernyshenko, & Drasgow, 2005). These features of FC thus made it an attractive option for improving assessment fairness and accuracy when biases and distortions are of concern, for example in cross-cultural studies affected by culturally-specific response styles (van de Vijver & Leung, 1997;van Herk, Poortinga, & Verhallen, 2004), and in high-stake assessments affected by faking (e.g., Viswesvaran & Ones, 1999).…”