RESPONSE RATE UNDER VARYING FREQUENCY OF NON‐CONTINGENT REINFORCEMENT<sup>1</sup>

Lachter, Gerald D.; Cole, Brett K.; Schoenfeld, W. N.

doi:10.1901/jeab.1971.15-233

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…With response-independent food presentation, response rate usually declines to a low level (Herrnstein, 1966;Lachter, Cole, and Schoenfeld, 1971;Rescorla and Skucy, 1969;Zeiler, 1968). However, the present experiment showed that such a decline may not occur with conditioned reinforcement, if the behavior is being maintained by a superordinate schedule of response-dependent unconditioned reinforcement.…”

Section: Patterns Of Respondingcontrasting

confidence: 55%

SCHEDULES OF RESPONSE‐INDEPENDENT CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT¹

Marr

Zeiler

1974

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rates and patterns of responding of pigeons under response-independent and responsedependent schedules of brief-stimulus presentation were compared by superimposing 3-min brief-stimulus schedules on a 15-min fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. The brief-stimulus schedules were fixed time, fixed interval, variable time, and variable interval. When the brief stimulus was paired with food presentation, its effects depended upon the schedule and ongoing rates. Fixed-and variable-interval brief-stimulus schedules enhanced the low rates normally occurring early in the 15-min interval, whereas fixed-and variable-time schedules suppressed these rates. Although the overall rates later in the interval were not affected to any great extent, the fixed brief-stimulus schedules generated patterns of positively accelerated responding between stimulus presentations. These patterns appeared less frequently under the variable brief-stimulus schedules. Initially, when not paired with food delivery, presentations of the brief stimulus produced relatively little effect on either response rate or patterning. However, once the stimulus had accompanied food presentation, the original performance under the nonpaired condition was not recovered. The effects were more like those occurring when the stimulus was paired with food.

show abstract

Section: Patterns Of Respondingcontrasting

confidence: 55%

SCHEDULES OF RESPONSE‐INDEPENDENT CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT¹

Marr

Zeiler

1974

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The participants were 4 identical quadruplets with pervasive developmental disorder and mild to severe mental retardation who exhibited attention-maintained aggressive, disruptive, and self-injurious behaviors. The authors found that behavior reduction was greater under dense NCR schedules than under lean schedules, a finding previously reported in the basic literature by Lachter, Cole, and Schoenfeld (1971). However, the lean schedules were still effective in reducing the target behavior in 3 of the 4 participants.…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

On the Effects of Noncontingent Delivery of Differing Magnitudes of Reinforcement

Carr

Bailey

Ecott

et al. 1998

J of App Behav Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We conducted a parametric analysis of response suppression associated with different magnitudes of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR). Participants were 5 adults with severe or profound mental retardation who engaged in a manual response that was reinforced on variable-ratio schedules during baseline. Participants were then exposed to NCR via multielement and reversal designs. The fixed-time schedules were kept constant while the magnitude of the reinforcing stimulus was varied across three levels (low, medium, and high). Results showed that high-magnitude NCR schedules produced large and consistent reductions in response rates, medium-magnitude schedules produced less consistent and smaller reductions, and low-magnitude schedules produced little or no effect on responding. These results suggest that (a) NCR affects responding by altering an establishing operation (i.e., attenuating a deprivation state) rather than through extinction, and (b) magnitude of reinforcement is an important variable in determining the effectiveness of NCR.

show abstract

“…The frequency of response-independent reinforcement when such reinforcement occurs either in isolation or in conjunction with VI reinforcement controls response rates (Lachter, 1971;Lachter, Cole, and Schoenfeld, 1971;Rachlin and Baum, 1972). The control of Fl responding by the frequency of response-independent reinforcement is shown most clearly in Experiment I but also in the data from Bird 6 in Experiment II.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Effects of Concurrent Response‐independent Reinforcement on Fixed‐interval Schedule Performance

Lattal

Bryan

1976

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In three experiments, behavior maintained by fixed-interval schedules changed when response-independent reinforcement was delivered concurrently according to fixed- or variable-time schedules. In Experiment I, a pattern of positively accelerated responding during fixed interval was changed to a linear pattern when response-independent reinforcement occurred under a variable-time schedule. Overall response rates (total responses/total time) decreased as the frequency of response-independent reinforcement increased. Experiment II showed that the response-rate changes in the first experiment were controlled by the response-reinforcer relation, but the changes in patterns of responding were similar whether concurrently available reinforcement at varying times was response-dependent or response-independent. In the final experiment, the addition of response-independent reinforcement at fixed times to a fixed-interval schedule resulted in changes in both local and overall response rates and in the occurrence of positively accelerated responding between reinforcements. These results suggest that the temporal distribution of reinforcers determines response patterns and that both the response-reinforcement dependency and the schedule of reinforcement determine overall response rates during concurrently scheduled response-dependent and response-independent reinforcement.

show abstract

RESPONSE RATE UNDER VARYING FREQUENCY OF NON‐CONTINGENT REINFORCEMENT¹

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

SCHEDULES OF RESPONSE‐INDEPENDENT CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT¹

SCHEDULES OF RESPONSE‐INDEPENDENT CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT¹

On the Effects of Noncontingent Delivery of Differing Magnitudes of Reinforcement

Effects of Concurrent Response‐independent Reinforcement on Fixed‐interval Schedule Performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

RESPONSE RATE UNDER VARYING FREQUENCY OF NON‐CONTINGENT REINFORCEMENT1

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

SCHEDULES OF RESPONSE‐INDEPENDENT CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT1

SCHEDULES OF RESPONSE‐INDEPENDENT CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT1

On the Effects of Noncontingent Delivery of Differing Magnitudes of Reinforcement

Effects of Concurrent Response‐independent Reinforcement on Fixed‐interval Schedule Performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

RESPONSE RATE UNDER VARYING FREQUENCY OF NON‐CONTINGENT REINFORCEMENT¹

SCHEDULES OF RESPONSE‐INDEPENDENT CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT¹

SCHEDULES OF RESPONSE‐INDEPENDENT CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT¹