Response of Water-Nitrogen Distribution and Use to Water Deficit under Different Applied Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates in Bromus inermis Grassland

Kang, Young-Kil; Yin, Minhua; Yin, Ma; Tang, Zhongxia; Jia, Qingxuan; Qi, Guangping; Wang, Jinghai; Jiang, Yuanbo; Wang, Aixia

doi:10.3390/agronomy13030745

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is mainly because crop growth relies primarily on the consumption of shallow soil moisture. Compared with shallow soil, deep soil is less disturbed by tillage and is more stable ( Kang et al., 2023 ), and the water not absorbed by the crop root system will naturally infiltrate under the influence of gravity ( Jia et al., 2013 ), causing water to accumulate in a specific soil layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on soil water and nitrogen distribution and water-nitrogen utilization of wolfberry in the Yellow River Irrigation Region of Gansu Province, China

Tian,

Qi,

Kang

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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To address the problems of extensive field management, low productivity, and inefficient water and fertilizer utilization in wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) production, an appropriate water and nitrogen regulation model was explored to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the wolfberry industry. Based on a field experiment conducted from 2021 to 2022, this study compared and analyzed the effects of four irrigation levels [75%–85% θf (W0, full irrigation), 65%–75% θf (W1, slight water deficit), 55%–65% θf (W2, moderate water deficit), and 45%–55% θf (W3, severe water deficit)] and four nitrogen application levels [0 kg·ha−1 (N0, no nitrogen application), 150 kg·ha−1 (N1, low nitrogen application), 300 kg·ha−1 (N2, medium nitrogen application), and 450 kg·ha−1 (N3, high nitrogen application)] on soil water distribution, soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N) migration, yield, and water-nitrogen use efficiency of wolfberry. The soil moisture content of the 40–80 cm soil layer was higher than those of 0-40 cm and 80-120 cm soil layer. The average soil moisture content followed the order of W0 > W1 > W2 > W3 and N3 > N2 > N1 > N0. The NO3−–N content in the 0–80 cm soil layer was more sensitive to water and nitrogen regulation, and the cumulative amount of NO3−–N in the soil followed the order of W0 > W1> W2 > W3 and N3 > N2 > N1 > N0 during the vegetative growth period. There was no evidently change in soil NO3−–N accumulation between different treatments during the autumn fruit. The yield of wolfberry under the W1N2 treatment was the highest (2623.09 kg·ha−1), which was 18.04% higher than that under the W0N3 treatment. The average water consumption during each growth period of wolfberry was the highest during the full flowering period, followed by the vegetative growth and full fruit periods, and the lowest during the autumn fruit period. The water use efficiency reached a peak value of 6.83 kg·ha−1·mm−1 under the W1N2 treatment. The nitrogen uptake of fruit and nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency of fruit first increased and then decreased with increasing irrigation and nitrogen application. The treatment of W1N2 obtained the highest nitrogen uptake of fruit and nitrogen recovery efficiency of fruit, which were 63.56 kg·ha−1 and 8.17%, respectively. Regression analysis showed that the yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency of wolfberry improved when the irrigation amount ranged from 315.4 to 374.3 mm, combined with nitrogen application amounts of 300.0 to 308.3 kg·ha−1. Additionally, the soil NO3−–N residue was reduced, making it an optimal water and nitrogen management model for wolfberry planting. The present findings contribute novel insights into the production of wolfberry with saving water and reducing nitrogen, which helps to improve the level of wolfberry productivity in the Yellow River irrigation region of Gansu Province and other areas with similar climate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on soil water and nitrogen distribution and water-nitrogen utilization of wolfberry in the Yellow River Irrigation Region of Gansu Province, China

Tian,

Qi,

Kang

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Similar fertilizer rates are applied before the second and the third cuts, totaling 120 kg N/ha per growing season [17]. According to Kang et al [70], moderate nitrogen rates (120 kg/ha) combined with a mild water deficit not only promote high yields in smooth brome but also prevent nitrogen leaching through the soil profile. Türk et al [53] reported that the yields and quality of smooth bromegrass forage can be optimized when nitrogen is supplied at 120 to 160 kg/ha.…”

Section: Agronomic Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis L.)—A Versatile Grass: A Review

Mackiewicz-Walec,

Żarczyński,

Krzebietke

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Smooth brome (Bromus inermis L.) is a species of perennial grass with growing economic importance. Initially, this species had attracted interest as a source of animal feed. Over the years, the interest in smooth brome increased significantly due to the growing knowledge about its advantages. The aim of this study was to explore the contemporary significance of smooth brome. This plant is characterized by a high tolerance to many negative environmental factors, such as periodic droughts, low temperatures and salinity, which contributes to its constant presence in the landscape of many countries. The moderate soil requirements of smooth brome, combined with the effective use of soil resources and rational nutrient utilization, contribute to high biomass yields that can reach 13 t/ha DM. The usefulness of this grass species in various management systems has been recognized in numerous research studies. Smooth brome can generate benefits in many branches of the economy. This efficient energy plant is used in paper production, and it is also recommended for the protection of fallow land or the reclamation of degraded land. Smooth brome prevents erosion, enhances biodiversity, and provides shelter for many animal species. This species fits well into the current assumptions of agricultural policy and increasingly demanding environmental standards. According to the latest guidelines, modern agriculture should pursue economic and environmental goals simultaneously. In this context, smooth brome constitutes a valuable link in sustainable development. Due to its numerous advantages, smooth brome not only provides high-quality feed and biomass but also effectively sequesters CO2, improves soil fertility and enhances biodiversity, which makes it an important element of agriculture and environmental protection.

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“…These characteristics allow smooth brome to produce compact swards in different soil conditions for at least several years. Moreover, smooth brome is able to accumulate nutrients in root systems and rhizomes, which makes it more competitive in a sward than other species, especially in the spring [39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Long-Term Fallowing on the Yield and Quality of Winter Rape and Winter and Spring Wheat

Sienkiewicz,

Żarczyński,

Wierzbowska

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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The proper fallowing of soil maintains or even improves its yield potential. The aim of this research was to compare five methods of soil protection with high production potential on the yield and quality of strategic plants. The tested methods consisted of five variants: bare fallow—BF; natural fallow—NF; fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.)—FG; a mixture of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) with smooth brome (Bromus inermis)—FG+SB; and smooth brome (Bromus inermis)—SB. The soil had been set aside for 9 years, after which time the fallows were terminated and the fields were cropped with winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, and spring wheat in three consecutive years. After the end of fallowing, the content of Nog. and Ctot., pH, and forms of available macro- and microelements in the soil were determined. The influence of each type of fallow on the yield of seeds/grain, straw, total protein, crude fat, and the content of macronutrients in the seeds/grain and straw of the grown crops was determined. Regarding the yields of the crops, the best solution was long-term soil protection via sowing fodder galega or a mixture of fodder galega and smooth brome. A field previously maintained as a fallow with these plants (singly or in combination) could produce over twice-as-high yields of wheat and oilseed rape as those harvested from a field established on bare fallow. The yields of the cereals and oilseed rape obtained in this study prove that food security and environmental protection issues can be reconciled. The methods for protecting farmland temporarily excluded from agricultural production presented in this paper correspond perfectly to the framework of the Green Deal for Europe. Arable land excluded from cultivation can be used to overcome new challenges facing modern agriculture.

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Response of Water-Nitrogen Distribution and Use to Water Deficit under Different Applied Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates in Bromus inermis Grassland

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on soil water and nitrogen distribution and water-nitrogen utilization of wolfberry in the Yellow River Irrigation Region of Gansu Province, China

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on soil water and nitrogen distribution and water-nitrogen utilization of wolfberry in the Yellow River Irrigation Region of Gansu Province, China

Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis L.)—A Versatile Grass: A Review

The Impact of Long-Term Fallowing on the Yield and Quality of Winter Rape and Winter and Spring Wheat

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