Response of tree rings to earthquakes during the past 350 years at Jiuzhaigou in the eastern Tibet

Fan, Jiawei; Wei, Xiaotong; Shi, Wei; Guo, Qiaoqiao; Zhang, Siqi; Xu, Hongyan; Song, Huiming; Xu, Chenxi; An, Wenling; Jiang, Hanchao

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138714

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The increase was particularly higher in trees located over 20 km away from the epicenter, compared to those within 15 km (Allen et al., 2020). Moreover, a study from the nearby, eastern Tibetan Plateau, has shown similar results to those presented here with 62.5% of trees showing earthquake signals at an epicentral distance of 79 km after the earthquake in 1979 (Mw = 8.0) (Fan et al., 2020). Similarly, earthquakes in 1960, 1976, and 2017 from the eastern Tibetan Plateau also affected percentage of trees comparable with our results (Fan et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Such a drastic growth reduction in trees was also observed in the year 1813 following the earthquake of 1812 in the San Andreas Fault (Sheppard & Jacoby, 1989). In addition, a reduction in ring width occurred immediately (during or next year) following the earthquakes of 1748, 1879, 1960, and 2017 in eastern Tibet (Fan et al., 2020). In some trees, growth responses after the earthquake events were delayed by 3–5 years which can be described by slowly decreasing ring‐width following the earthquake events, being in line with findings from previous studies that found lasting growth declines after the earthquake (Allen et al., 2020; Chalupová et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest Resilience in the Himalayas Inferred From Tree Growth After Earthquake Disturbances

Pandey,

Camarero,

et al. 2023

JGR Biogeosciences

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The Himalayas are one of the most seismically active regions in the world; thus, experiencing frequent catastrophic earthquakes. A growing body of evidence has shown that large earthquakes severely impact on forest ecosystems, particularly in mountain regions. However, little is known about the impact of severe earthquakes on Himalayan forests. Herein, we analyzed tree radial growth patterns following major earthquakes that occurred in 1833, 1905, 1916, 1934, and 1936 in the Himalayas. Based on 46 tree‐ring sites, 77%, 64%, 73%, 72%, and 77% of total analyzed trees showed responses to these seismic events, respectively. On average, 72% of responsive trees undergo growth suppressions following the earthquake events. Superposed epoch analysis showed a strong growth decline 1–5 years after the earthquake. A negative relationship was found between the percentage of responsive trees and the distance of the tree‐ring site from the earthquake's epicenter. The mean time required for 75% of trees to recover reached 5, 5, 5, 13, and 28 years following the earthquake of 1833, 1905, 1916, 1934, and 1936, respectively. The recovery time after a low growth period showed a negative relationship with the distance to earthquake's epicenter. However, the growth resistance improved with increasing distance from the epicenter. Thus, forests located close to earthquakes' epicenters can serve as reliable archive for the reconstruction of earthquakes' impacts. As the Himalayas are prone to earthquakes, adaptive management strategies are required to minimize the impacts of earthquakes on the mountain forest ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Resilience in the Himalayas Inferred From Tree Growth After Earthquake Disturbances

Pandey,

Camarero,

et al. 2023

JGR Biogeosciences

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“…These evidences suggest that the lower limit of the earthquake magnitude calculated based on the intensity attenuation model appears to be reliable. Furthermore, Diexi area had two major earthquakes in the historical record, 1713 M s 7.0 earthquake and the 1933 M s 7.5 earthquake (China Earthquake Administration, 1999;Fan et al, 2020), both of which caused a large number of landslides in this area. Our study about the magnitudes based on the intensity attenuation model also seem to support the idea of a seismic trigger for landslides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of a Last Deglacial Gravel Layer at Diexi, Eastern Tibetan Plateau and its Possible Seismic Significance

et al. 2021

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Tectonic and climatic process controlling gravel accumulation in tectonically active regions is the subject of active debate. In this study, the formation mechanism of a gravel layer in the Diexi lacustrine section, eastern Tibetan Plateau, was investigated using mutually validated dating methods and detailed analysis of sedimentary processes. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating show that the gravel layer in the Diexi section accumulated at approximately 16.79 ka BP. The sedimentary characteristics of the gravel layer and the contact between upper and lower strata indicate that the formation of the Diexi gravel layer was triggered by an earthquake rather than by a debris flow caused by torrential rain. And the result based on the intensity attenuation model are consistent with the characteristics of frequent large earthquakes in Diexi area. Detailed analysis of satellite images and sedimentary characteristics of the gravel layer provide evidence for an ancient landslide, which may be related to the gravel layer at Muer village (to the north of the Diexi section). Overall, this study reconstructs a gravel event at approximately 16.79 ka BP and has important theoretical and practical significance for understanding the formation mechanism of gravel deposits and analysing seismic events through gravel accumulation.

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“…The lithology consists mainly of limestone and slate with a small amount of sandstone, which were intensely deformed by folding and thrusting during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic (Chen et al 1994;Yin and Harrison 2000). Since the Quaternary, the geological tectonic movements have been intense due to the influence of the Tazang, Minjiang and Huya faults (Ren et al 2013;Liu et al 2017;Zhao et al 2018;Fan et al 2020). Seismicity has occurred six times on the Minjiang fault and Huya fault from 1960 to 2020 with 6.0 < Ms < 7.0.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude amplification of flash floods caused by large woody in Keze gully in Jiuzhaigou National Park, China

Chen

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2021

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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Wood is an important component of flash floods and debris flows in forested mountainous areas. To better understand the characteristics of large wood (LW) movement and its destructive effects on check dams, bridges, and buildings, we conducted field investigations and theoretical calculations on the flash flood process in Keze gully in Jiuzhaigou National Park (China). Based on the gully characteristics and the calculation method, the magnitude amplification ratio of flash flood peak discharge caused by the clogging and breakage processes associated with LW transport reached 2.83 to 3.03 times the mean peak discharge upstream of check dam No. 1. Moreover, the limit analysis and limiting equilibrium state methods were adopted to analyze the additional impact force of LW on the sidewalls of check dams, which resulted in sidewall breaking and sediment block function loss of the check dam. Furthermore, we analyzed the LW transport pattern and formulated a conceptual model of LW transport, including the LW length, channel width, and standing tree spacing. Through this case study, we put forward that the magnitude amplification ratio and the additional impact force of LW should be considered in the design and construction of mitigation engineering projects in forested mountainous areas.

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Response of tree rings to earthquakes during the past 350 years at Jiuzhaigou in the eastern Tibet

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Forest Resilience in the Himalayas Inferred From Tree Growth After Earthquake Disturbances

Forest Resilience in the Himalayas Inferred From Tree Growth After Earthquake Disturbances

Accumulation of a Last Deglacial Gravel Layer at Diexi, Eastern Tibetan Plateau and its Possible Seismic Significance

Magnitude amplification of flash floods caused by large woody in Keze gully in Jiuzhaigou National Park, China

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