Response of Transformer Windings to System Transient Voltages

Identification of problems when using long high voltage AC cable in transmission system I: switching transient problems

“…iii ) A very detailed model obtained from the transformer geometry and material characteristics and then reduced to be usable in the time domain [14], [15].…”

Wideband Transformer Modeling Including Core Nonlinear Effects

“…High-frequency models are routinely developed by the manufacturers starting from detailed design information and used for predicting internal winding overvoltages during the lightning impulse test [3][4][5][6]. These white-box models are usually unavailable to external parties and they often lack in accuracy for use in general network studies.…”

Computation of Self-impedance and Mutual Impedance of Transformer Winding Considering the Frequency-dependent Losses of the Iron Core

“…Transient over-voltages in transformers are commonly studied using an equivalent circuit of windings, which consists of inductive, capacitive, and loss components [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. It has been agreed that fast transient over-voltages do exist and can cause damage on transformer windings.…”