Response of Three Microbial Test Systems to Pesticides

Ghosh, Sandip; Doctor, P. B.; Bhatnagar, V. N.; Yadav, Suresh; Derasari, A.; Kulkarni, P. K.; Kashyap, S. K.

doi:10.1007/s001289900360

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These reproducibility values were comparable to 10-20% reproducibility previously reported [15,16] for the V. fischeri assay. Reproducibility from several intra-and inter-laboratory studies reported an average reproducibility of 38.8% for the bioassays based on the most common invertebrate and fish test species [22].…”

Section: Variabilitysupporting

confidence: 89%

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Combined toxicity effects of MTBE and pesticides measured with Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna bioassays

et al. 2003

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Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a fuel oxygenate that is added to gasoline, commonly contaminates aquatic systems, many of which are already contaminated with pesticides. The toxic effects (EC 50 value) of several pure pesticides (Diuron, Linuron, Dichlofluanid, Sea nine, Irgarol and tributyltin (TBT)) were measured and compared with the EC 50 value of the pesticide mixed with MTBE, using the Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna acute toxicity assays. The interaction between chemicals was evaluated in terms of the effects of mixing on the EC 50 value (i.e. the concentration (mg/L) of a compound or mixture that is required to produce a 50% change in a toxic response parameter) and the time required to generate the toxic response. Presence of MTBE enhanced the EC 50 value of several pesticides (Diuron, Dichlofluanid, TBT and Linuron) and/or the toxic response manifested more rapidly than with pure pesticides. Toxicity enhancements were quite substantial in many cases. For example, the presence of MTBE increased the toxicity of Diuron by more than 50% when tested with the V. fischeri assay (5, 15 and 30 min exposure). Also, the toxic response manifested itself within 5 min whereas without the MTBE the same response arose in 30 min. Presence of MTBE increased the toxicity of Dichlofluanid by 30% when measured with the D. magna assay. Toxicities of only two pesticides (Sea nine and Irgarol) were not raised by the presence of MTBE. r

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Section: Variabilitysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Bacteria Vibrio fischeri is another test organism widely accepted in toxicity test. Both V. fischeri and D. magna assays are rapid, relatively inexpensive, simple and reproducible [15][16][17][18]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined toxicity effects of MTBE and pesticides measured with Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna bioassays

et al. 2003

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“…Because the principle of the BioTox TM system is quite similar to that of the better known Microtox ® test, and both assays use luminescent marine bacteria (although different species), the reproducibility and susceptibility to systematic error are likely to be similar for the two test systems. Compared to an EC 50 value of about 10 mg l −1 for carbofuran in the BioTox TM test (Table 1), a significantly greater value of 203±43 mg l −1 (15 • C, 15 min incubation) has been reported [2] using the Microtox ® system, suggesting that for carbofuran at least the BioTox TM method is more sensitive. The Microtox ® value was for technical grade carbofuran.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assay, based on the luminescent bacterium V. fischeri NRRL B-1117, is similar in principle to the better known Microtox ® test that uses the marine bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum [1,2,[6][7][8]. Bioluminescence of V. fischeri was inhibited by toxicants.…”

Section: Vibrio Fischeri Bioluminescence Assaymentioning

confidence: 98%

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Toxicity of pesticides in wastewater: a comparative assessment of rapid bioassays

Fernández‐Alba

Hernando

López

et al. 2001

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Acute toxicity of pesticides in water was assessed singly and in mixtures using various responses of the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna, and the MitoScan TM assay. The latter utilized fragmented mitochondria to enzymatically convert oxidized ␤-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) to its reduced form, NADH.The rate of the conversion being sensitive to the type and concentration of toxicants. The pesticides tested were carbofuran, cyromazine, fenamiphos, formetanate, and propamocarb. The aqueous solubility of all compounds exceeded 320 mg l −1 . All the toxicity bioassays were characterized in terms of relative sensitivity and complementarity. Synergistic and antagonistic toxicity effects were observed with pesticide cocktails relative to pure compound toxicities. The D. magna assay was the most sensitive and best able to detect toxic interactions of mixtures. Cyromazine was the least toxic of the pesticides tested.

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Toxicological profiling of chemical and environmental samples using panels of test organisms and optical oxygen respirometry

Zitova

O’Mahony

Cross

et al. 2008

Environmental Toxicology

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A simple and versatile methodology for high throughput toxicological assessment of chemical and environmental samples is presented. It uses panels of test organisms ranging from prokaryotic (E. coli, V. fischeri) and eukaryotic (Jurkat) cells to invertebrate (Artemia salina) and vertebrate (Danio rerio) organisms, to analyze alterations in their oxygen consumption by optical oxygen respirometry. All the assays are carried out in a convenient microtiter plate format using commercial reagents (phosphorescent oxygen probe, microplates) and detection on a standard fluorescent plate reader. Simple experimental set-up and mix-and-measure procedure allow parallel assessment of up to 96 samples (or assay points) in 2 h, easy generation of dose- and time-dependent responses, and EC(50) values. The methodology was demonstrated with several different classes of chemicals including heavy metal ions, PAHs, pesticides, their mixtures, and also validated with complex environmental samples such as wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant. It has been shown to provide high sensitivity, sample throughput and information content, flexibility and general robustness. It allows ranking and profiling of samples, compares favorably with alternative methods such as MicroTox and mortality tests with animal models, and is well suited for large-scale monitoring programs such as CWA and WFD.

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Response of Three Microbial Test Systems to Pesticides

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Combined toxicity effects of MTBE and pesticides measured with Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna bioassays

Combined toxicity effects of MTBE and pesticides measured with Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna bioassays

Toxicity of pesticides in wastewater: a comparative assessment of rapid bioassays

Toxicological profiling of chemical and environmental samples using panels of test organisms and optical oxygen respirometry

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