Response of the regional lymph node to bluetongue virus infection in calves

Barratt‐Boyes, Simon M.; Rossitto, Paul V.; Taylor, Bernadette; Ellis, John; Maclachlan, Nigel J

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(94)05331-l

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…CD14 has been defined as a central molecule in antigen recognition and cellular interactions, where it plays a key role in monocyte-mediated T-cell activation [18, 41]. In addition to dendritic cells [32], monocyte macrophages play an important role in antigen presentation and virus spread during BTV infection [42, 43]. CD25 has been defined as a low-affinity receptor for IL-2 that is expressed mainly on T cells activated by interaction with antigens [44, 45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Immune Response Induced by a Commercially Available Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 Vaccine in Sheep

Diego

Sánchez-Cordón

Heras

et al. 2012

The Scientific World Journal

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The protective immune response generated by a commercial monovalent inactivated vaccine against bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV1) was studied. Five sheep were vaccinated, boost-vaccinated, and then challenged against BTV1 ALG/2006. RT-PCR did not detect viremia at any time during the experiment. Except a temperature increase observed after the initial and boost vaccinations, no clinical signs or lesions were observed. A specific and protective antibody response checked by ELISA was induced after vaccination and boost vaccination. This specific antibody response was associated with a significant increase in B lymphocytes confirmed by flow cytometry, while significant increases were not observed in T lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+, and WC1+), CD25+ regulatory cells, or CD14+ monocytes. After challenge with BTV1, the antibody response was much higher than during the boost vaccination period, and it was associated with a significant increase in B lymphocytes, CD14+ monocytes, CD25+ regulatory cells, and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Immune Response Induced by a Commercially Available Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 Vaccine in Sheep

Diego

Sánchez-Cordón

Heras

et al. 2012

The Scientific World Journal

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“…The BTV specific antibodies were detected in efferent lymph plasma collected from the challenged LN of calf on 9 dpi; however, BTV-specific antibodies were not detected in serum from the same animal upto 13 dpi (Barratt-Boyes et al. 1995 ). The BTV infected sheep and cattle showed evidence for seroconversion on 14 dpi (Ellis et al.…”

Section: Immunopathology Of Btv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India

Saminathan

Singh

Khorajiya

et al. 2020

Veterinary Quarterly

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Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important, non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. BT is caused by BT virus (BTV) and it belongs to the genus Orbivirus and family Reoviridae. BTV is transmitted by Culicoides midges and causes clinical disease in sheep, white-tailed deer, pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, and subclinical manifestation in cattle, goats and camelids. BT is a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) listed multispecies disease and causes great socio-economic losses. To date, 28 serotypes of BTV have been reported worldwide and 23 serotypes have been reported from India. Transplacental transmission (TPT) and fetal abnormalities in ruminants had been reported with cell culture adopted live-attenuated vaccine strains of BTV. However, emergence of BTV-8 in Europe during 2006, confirmed TPT of wild-type/field strains of BTV. Diagnosis of BT is more important for control of disease and to ensure BTV-free trade of animals and their products. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, agar gel immunodiffusion assay and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are found to be sensitive and OIE recommended tests for diagnosis of BTV for international trade. Control measures include mass vaccination (most effective method), serological and entomological surveillance, forming restriction zones and sentinel programs. Major hindrances with control of BT in India are the presence of multiple BTV serotypes, high density of ruminant and vector populations. A pentavalent inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine is administered currently in India to control BT. Recombinant vaccines with DIVA strategies are urgently needed to combat this disease. This review is the first to summarise the seroprevalence of BTV in India for 40 years, economic impact and pathobiology.

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“…The lymphatic tissues of infected animals always contain large amounts of virus (even in animals intravenously inoculated with BTV). Certain subsets of leukocytes (within the regional lymph nodes) are therefore thought to represent primary cellular targets for the first round of virus replication [11,16,20,26]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the skin during bluetongue virus infection and replication in the ruminant host

Darpel

Monaghan

Simpson

et al. 2012

Veterinary Research

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Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a double stranded (ds) RNA virus (genus Orbivirus; family Reoviridae), which is considered capable of infecting all species of domestic and wild ruminants, although clinical signs are seen mostly in sheep. BTV is arthropod-borne (“arbovirus”) and able to productively infect and replicate in many different cell types of both insects and mammalian hosts. Although the organ and cellular tropism of BTV in ruminants has been the subject of several studies, many aspects of its pathogenesis are still poorly understood, partly because of inherent problems in distinguishing between “virus replication” and “virus presence”.BTV replication and organ tropism were studied in a wide range of infected sheep tissues, by immuno-fluorescence-labeling of non-structural or structural proteins (NS2 or VP7 and core proteins, respectively) using confocal microscopy to distinguish between virus presence and replication. These results are compared to gross and microscopic pathological findings in selected organs from infected sheep. Replication was demonstrated in two major cell types: vascular endothelial cells, and agranular leukocytes which morphologically resemble lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and/or dendritic cells. Two organs (the skin and tonsils) were shown to support relatively high levels of BTV replication, although they have not previously been proposed as important replication sites during BTV infection. The high level of BTV replication in the skin is thought to be of major significance for the pathogenesis and transmission of BTV (via biting insects) and a refinement of our current model of BTV pathogenesis is discussed.

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Response of the regional lymph node to bluetongue virus infection in calves

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Characterization of the Immune Response Induced by a Commercially Available Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 Vaccine in Sheep

Characterization of the Immune Response Induced by a Commercially Available Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 Vaccine in Sheep

An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India

Involvement of the skin during bluetongue virus infection and replication in the ruminant host

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