Response of the modern lactating sow and progeny to source and level of supplemental dietary fat during high ambient temperatures

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the response to increments of 2 sources of dietary fat on lactating sow and progeny performance during high ambient temperatures. Data were collected from 391 sows (PIC Camborough) from June to September in a 2,600-sow commercial unit in Oklahoma. Sows were randomly assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments and a control diet. Factors included 1) fat sources, animal-vegetable blend (A-V) and choice white grease (CWG), and 2) fat levels (2%, 4%, and 6%). The A-V blend contained 14.5% FFA with an iodine value of 89, peroxide value of 4.2 mEq/kg, and anisidine value of 23, whereas CWG contained 3.7% FFA with an iodine value of 62, peroxide value of 9.8 mEq/kg, and anisidine value of 5. Diets were corn-soybean meal based, with 8.0% distillers dried grains with solubles and 6.0% wheat middlings, and contained 3.56-g standardized ileal digestible Lys/Mcal ME. Sows were balanced by parity, with 192 and 199 sows representing parity 1 and parity 3 to 5, respectively. Feed refusal increased linearly (P < 0.001) with the addition of supplemental fat, but feed and energy intake increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary fat. Sows fed CWG diets had reduced (linear, P < 0.05) BW loss during lactation. Litter growth rate was not affected by additional dietary fat. Addition of CWG to the diets improved G:F (sow and litter gain relative to feed intake) compared with the G:F of sows fed the control diet or the diets containing the A-V blend (0.50, 0.43, and 0.44, respectively; P < 0.05). Gain:ME (kg/Mcal ME) was greater (P < 0.05) for CWG (0.146) than A-V blend (0.129) but was not different from that of the control diet (0.131). Addition of A-V blend and CWG both improved (P < 0.05) conception and farrowing rates and subsequent litter size compared with the control diet. In conclusion, energy intake increased with the addition of fat. The A-V blend contained a greater amount of aldehydes (quantified by anisidine value) and was more susceptible to oxidation, resulting in reduced feed efficiency than CWG. Subsequent litter size and reproductive performance was improved by inclusion of both sources of fat in diets fed to lactating sows.

Influence of dietary fat source on sow and litter performance, colostrum and milk fatty acid profile in late gestation and lactation

“…The improvement in litter growth rate for sows fed supplemental fat at more than 5% had been observed previously (Shurson & Irvin 1992;Tilton et al 1999;Gatlin et al 2002;Lauridsen & Danielsen 2004) and only a few other studies have reported a significant positive effect on breast-feeding performance, by addition of fat less than 5% (except FO) (Neal et al 1999;Rosero et al 2012). The improvement in litter growth rate for sows fed supplemental fat at more than 5% had been observed previously (Shurson & Irvin 1992;Tilton et al 1999;Gatlin et al 2002;Lauridsen & Danielsen 2004) and only a few other studies have reported a significant positive effect on breast-feeding performance, by addition of fat less than 5% (except FO) (Neal et al 1999;Rosero et al 2012).…”

“…In the present study, piglets from sows fed the FOor SO-supplemented diets had higher litter weaning weight, weaning survival rate and overall litter weight gain than piglets from sows fed the control diet. The improvement in litter growth rate for sows fed supplemental fat at more than 5% had been observed previously (Shurson & Irvin 1992;Tilton et al 1999;Gatlin et al 2002;Lauridsen & Danielsen 2004) and only a few other studies have reported a significant positive effect on breast-feeding performance, by addition of fat less than 5% (except FO) (Neal et al 1999;Rosero et al 2012). As an efficient vehicle transferring nutrient from the mother to the newborn, milk fat plays a major role in the supply of energy and in glucose homeostasis of newborn pigs (Sarkar et al 1985).…”

“…MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; ND, not detected; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid. Danielsen 2004;Mateo et al 2009;Rosero et al 2012), the current findings showed that supplementation of FO (3.89%) or SO (3.78%) to lactation diets enhanced milk fat content. This was surprising because diets contained less than 5% added fats and no differences among all groups were expected.…”

Effects of free feeding time system and energy level to improve the reproductive performance of lactating sows during summer

“…In the present study, the addition of 3,400 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME) increased piglet performances. Increasing the energy levels with additional fats or oils in diets is known as a nutritional strategy to support lactating sow exposed to heat stress [19,20], particularly in prolific lactating sows [9]. The increase in supplementation of fat and oil in lactation diets from 2% to 11% enhanced the energy intake of around 1,100 kcal ME per day [21].…”

Review: Nutrient requirements of the modern high-producing lactating sow, with an emphasis on amino acid requirements

“…Increasing energy density with fats or oils is a nutritional strategy that seems to be particularly important for lactating sows under heat stress conditions (Rosero et al, 2012) and for prolific and high-producing lactating sows (Strathe et al, 2017a). In a literature review, the addition of 2% to 11% fats and oils in lactation diets improved the energy intake of sows by an average of 7% or 4.6 MJ ME per day (Rosero et al, 2016).…”