Response of the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test to liquid and composted dairy manure applications in a corn agroecosystem

Klapwyk, Jonathan H.; Ketterings, Quirine M.; Godwin, Greg; Wang, D.

doi:10.4141/s05-048

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…In this case, r values between soil N and N up are not different among the methods (hot water, CaCl 2 , KCl, or ISNT), but the r value between ISNT-N vs DM was lower than the r values obtained from the other extraction methods by the t test. Such results with ISNT are below those reported by Khan et al (2001), Sharifi et al (2007), and Klapwyk et al (2006). According to Sharifi et al (2007), the results obtained from ISNT were better than the ones with KCl in regard to correlation between soil N concentrations and potentially available N. The literature reported that N-amino sugars (the fraction that is extracted with ISNT) might be considered, overall, the labile fraction of soil organic N and it might be highly correlated with plant DM yield, N uptake (N up ), and response to N fertilization Barker et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…The ISNT-N concentration values (ranging from 16.8 to 316.9 mg dm -3 , Table 2) were lower than the values reported by other authors Klapwyk et al, 2006;Sharifi et al, 2007;Lawrence et al, 2009). The average ISNT-N values over 17 soil samples were 10.9 times, 6.9 times, and 3.4 times higher than the HW-N, CaCl 2 -N, and KCl-N values, respectively.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…In this method, called the "Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test" (ISNT), soil samples are heated with NaOH solution in hermetically closed containers. Klapwyk et al (2006), Sharifi et al (2007), and Lawrence et al (2009) obtained satisfactory results with the ISNT method, whereas Laboski et al (2008) and Osterhaus et al (2008) reported unsatisfactory results. In Brazil, Otto et al (2013) compared the ISNT to other methods to estimate potentially mineralizable organic N in areas growing sugarcane and concluded that the ISNT method might improve the N recommendation for the crop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Mild and Moderate Extraction Methods to Assess Potentially Available Soil Organic Nitrogen

Braos

Ferreira

Cruz

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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ABSTRACT:The use of chemical methods to assess the soil organic nitrogen (N) potentially available to plants is not a common practice in Brazil. However, associated with others, this tool might improve efficiency in the use of waste and nitrogen fertilizers. In our study, chemical methods were tested to assess potentially available soil N in samples of 17 representative soils of the western plateau of the state of São Paulo (10 Oxisols and 7 Ultisols). Available soil N was extracted from the collected soil samples using moderate (ISNT-Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test) and mild (hot water and heated solutions of 2 mol L -1 KCl and 0.01 mol L -1 CaCl 2 ) extraction methods. The levels of potentially available N obtained from these chemical methods were correlated with dry matter (DM) and N uptake (N up ) by corn plants grown in pots in a greenhouse experiment carried out with the same 17 soil samples. The ISNT method showed the highest available N extraction capacity, whereas hot water showed the lowest capacity, followed closely by the hot 0.01 mol L -1 CaCl 2 solution. Despite the differences among the quantities of available N ) heated for 16 h can be recommended as the best options for N extraction. considering the possibility for predicting N availability, lower generation of waste, and lower cost of analysis.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mild and Moderate Extraction Methods to Assess Potentially Available Soil Organic Nitrogen

Braos

Ferreira

Cruz

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…Thus, we normalized soil pH, SOM, Solvita CO 2 respiration, and NO 3 -N levels of each of the plots at each sampling date and year in reference to the first initial value of the first year, as was done by Klapwyk et al (2006) and Sadeghpour et al (2016). First, the average of the initial values of each parameter was determined, and the values of each plot were added or subtracted to reach a similar initial value for all the plots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Properties under Nitrogen‐ vs. Phosphorus‐Based Manure and Compost Management of Corn

Sadeghpour

Ketterings

Vermeylen

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Concerns about P enrichment of soil, streams, and lakes, NH 3 emissions from surface-applied manure, and increasing N fertilizer costs have resulted in greater adoption of manure incorporation at rates that approximate P removal. A 5-yr field study was conducted comparing the influence of annual spring applications of N-vs. P-removal-based compost (74 and 46 Mg ha −1 wet basis, respectively), liquid dairy manure (196 and 68 kL ha −1 , respectively), and sidedress N fertilizer (0 and 112 kg ha −1 ) on soil pH, soil organic matter (sOM), respiration, NO 3 -N, and soil test P (sTP) and K (sTK) in a corn (Zea mays L.) silage cropping system on a calcareous central New York soil. Manure was incorporated with tillage in the P-removal-based system. After 5 yr, soil pH (0-20 cm) remained unchanged compared with its initial level in 2001 regardless of the application rate or source. In P-based manure and inorganic N plots, sOM declined with time but increased by 4 g kg −1 with N-based compost. solvita CO 2 respiration increased only for N-based compost (41 g mg −1 ), which was greater than for P-based manure (32 g mg −1 ) in April 2005. After 5 yr, topsoil (0-20 cm) sTP and sTK were greatest with N-based compost and manure. These results show the benefits of compost application for sOM accumulation and respiration, the benefits of P-based applications for management of sTP and sTK, and the negative impact on sOM because of tillage incorporation of manure at P-based rates. Manure injection rather than tillage-based incorporation might counteract this negative impact.Abbreviations: SOC, soil organic carbon; SOM, soil organic matter; STK, soil test potassium, STP, soil test phosphorus. In New York, dairy farming is the largest agricultural industry (National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2009). Manure generated on the dairy farms is typically land applied as liquid or semisolid material. When manure is surface applied at rates to meet the N requirement of a corn crop, the typical result is overfertilization of P and K due to the lower N/P and N/K ratios of manure than plant tissues. Overapplication of P and K increases STP and STK with time (Eghball 1999;Wu and Powell, 2007;Sadeghpour et al., 2016), which may be desirable if initial STP and STK are low but can lead to an increased risk of P runoff (Kleinman et al., 2002) and high-K forages (Cherney et al., 1998) with time.Some farms separate solids for reuse as bedding or to be composted for sale or application to distant fields. Composting is a useful option to reduce the volume of fresh manure and reduce odor issues (Eghball, 2002). Other advantages of composting are reduced numbers of viable weed seeds and pathogenic microorganisms (Diacono and Montemurro, 2010). A major disadvantage of compost is the loss of C and N during the composting process itself, resulting in N/P and N/K ratios that can be greater than the expected ratios for crop needs than untreated manure (Eghball, 2002 Core Ideas• Annual application of manure to corn at P-removal based rates will reduce P...

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“…In 102 on‐farm N‐response experiments, the ISNT was significantly related to crop N requirement and was the most powerful predictor of error in yield‐based N recommendations (Mulvaney et al, 2006). There is growing evidence from N‐response evaluations that the ISNT can be used successfully for manure and fertilizer N management (Klapwyck and Ketterings, 2006; Klapwyck et al, 2006; Ruffo et al, 2006; Williams et al, 2007), although misinterpretations have occurred when other factors were neglected that affect crop N uptake or soil N availability, such as plant population, residue C input, soil acidity, or a deficiency of P or K.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Myth of Nitrogen Fertilization for Soil Carbon Sequestration

et al. 2007

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Intensive use of N fertilizer, in modern agricultue is motivated by the economic value of high grain yields and is generally perceived to sequester soil organic C by increasing the input of crop residues. This perception is at odds with a century of soil organic C data reported herein for the Morrow Plots, the world's oldest experimental site under continuous corn (Zea mays L.).After 40 to 50 yr of synthetic fertilization that exceeded grain N removal by 60 to 190%, a net decline occurred in soil C despite increasingly massive residue C incorporation, the decline being more extensive for a corn-soybean (Glycine mwv L. Merr.) or corn-oats (Avena sativa L)-hay rotation than for continuous corn and of greater intensity for the profile (0-46 cm) than the surface soil. TIhese findings implicate fertilizer N in promoting the decomposition of crop residues and soil organic matter and are consistent with data from numerous cropping experiments involving synthetic N fertilization in the USA Corn Belt and elsewhere, although not with the interpretation usually provided. There are imporrant implications for soil C sequestration because the yield-based input of fertilizer N has commonly exceeded grain N removal for corn production on fertile soils since the 1960s. To mitigate the ongoing consequences of soil deterioration, atmospheric CO 2 enrichment, and NO,-pollution of ground and surface waters,,N fertilization should be managed by site-specific assessment of soilN availability. Current fertilizer N managemrent practices, if combined with corn stover removal for bioenergy production, exacerbate soil C loss.

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Response of the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test to liquid and composted dairy manure applications in a corn agroecosystem

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Mild and Moderate Extraction Methods to Assess Potentially Available Soil Organic Nitrogen

Mild and Moderate Extraction Methods to Assess Potentially Available Soil Organic Nitrogen

Soil Properties under Nitrogen‐ vs. Phosphorus‐Based Manure and Compost Management of Corn

The Myth of Nitrogen Fertilization for Soil Carbon Sequestration

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