Response of the Eastern Mediterranean Microbial Ecosystem to Dust and Dust Affected by Acid Processing in the Atmosphere

Krom, Michael D.; Shi, Zongbo; Stockdale, Anthony; Berman‐Frank, Ilana; Giannakourou, Antonia; Herut, Barak; Lagaria, Anna; Papageorgiou, Nikos; Pitta, Paraskevi; Psarra, Stella; Rahav, Eyal; Scoullos, Michael; Stathopoulou, Eleni; Tsiola, Anastasia; Tsagaraki, Tatiana M.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2016.00133

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Guo et al, 2012), which reflects the average cellular N : P stoichiometry for oceanic phytoplankton (Arrigo, 2005). Although the deposited P was deficient relative to the demands of the resident phytoplankton in the ocean surface, a few studies showed that the input of dust could compensate for P deficiency to some extent by stimulating the biogenic conversion of dissolved organic P (DOP) to dissolved inorganic P (DIP) or a slow release of DIP from dust (Ridame and Guieu, 2002;Mackey et al, 2012;Krom et al, 2016). This supply of bioavailable P seemingly varies substantially across different oceanic regions and is affected by many factors, including dust sources and its mixing with anthropogenic pollutants, P demand, and the uptake of nutrients that are co-limiting for phytoplankton in the seawater (Mackey et al, 2012).…”

Section: Zhang Et Al: Phytoplankton Growth Response To Asian Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton growth response to Asian dust addition in the northwest Pacific Ocean versus the Yellow Sea

et al. 2018

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Abstract. In this study, five on-board microcosm experiments were performed in the subtropical gyre, the Kuroshio Extension region of the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO), and the Yellow Sea (YS) in order to investigate phytoplankton growth following the addition of artificially modified mineral dust (AM dust) and various nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), N + P, and N + P + Fe). The two experiments carried out with AM-dust addition in the subtropical gyre showed a maximum chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration increase of 1.7-and 2.8-fold, while the cell abundance of large-sized phytoplankton (> 5 µm) showed a 1.8-and 3.9-fold increase, respectively, relative to the controls. However, in the Kuroshio Extension region and the YS, the increases in maximum Chl a and cell abundance of largesized phytoplankton following AM-dust addition were at most 1.3-fold and 1.7-fold larger than those in the controls, respectively. A net conversion efficiency index (NCEI) newly proposed in this study, size-fractionated Chl a, and the abundance of large-sized phytoplankton were analysed to determine which nutrients contribute to supporting phytoplankton growth. Our results demonstrate that a combination of nutrients, N-P or N + P + Fe, is responsible for phytoplankton growth in the subtropical gyre following AM-dust addition. Single nutrient addition, i.e., N in the Kuroshio Extension region and P or N in the YS, controls the phytoplankton growth following AM-dust addition. In the AM-dust-addition experiments, in which the increased N-P or P was identified to determine phytoplankton growth, the dissolved inorganic P from AM dust (8.6 nmol L −1 ) was much lower than the theoretically estimated minimum P demand (∼ 20 nmol L −1 ) for phytoplankton growth. These observations suggest that additional supply augments the bioavailable P stock in incubated seawater with AM-dust addition, most likely due to an enhanced solubility of P from AM dust or the remineralization of the dissolved organic P.

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Section: Zhang Et Al: Phytoplankton Growth Response To Asian Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton growth response to Asian dust addition in the northwest Pacific Ocean versus the Yellow Sea

et al. 2018

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“…On the other hand, nutrients in atmospheric deposition have the potential to stimulate phytoplankton growth in surface oceans (Boyd et al, 2007;Li et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2013). Many previous ship-borne incubation and mesocosm experiments showed stimulation effects on phytoplankton growth, either by directly providing nutrients or by enhancing nitrogen fixation after addition of aerosol samples, including Asian dust (Chu et al, 2018;Krom et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2013;Meng et al, 2016;Mills et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2018). Previous studies including Duce et al (2008), Mahowald (2011), and Martino et al (2014) also calculated the additional uptake of carbon dioxide (and thus climate effect) due to the nitrogen fertilization effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilization of the Northwest Pacific Ocean by East Asia Air Pollutants

Zhang

Ito

Shi

et al. 2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Haze particles as a key air pollutant contain high level of toxins, which were hypothesized to inhibit phytoplankton growth when deposited to the ocean, and thus indirectly affect the climate. However, field observations have yet to provide conclusive evidence to confirm this hypothesis. Onboard microcosm experiments in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) show that haze particles collected at the East Asia continent had an inhibition impact on phytoplankton growth only when at very high particle loading (2 mg/L). In contrast, haze particles at low and medium loadings (0.03–0.6 mg/L) stimulated phytoplankton growth and shifted phytoplankton size structure toward larger cells, primarily due to the supply of inorganic nitrogen nutrients from the particles. Model simulations showed that haze particle loading in NWPO surface seawater was usually more than an order of magnitude lower than 2 mg/L. This indicates that haze particles are unlikely to cause harm but to stimulate phytoplankton growth in the nitrogen‐limited NWPO. Ocean biogeochemical modeling further shows that deposited nitrogen significantly enhanced surface ocean chlorophyll a concentration in the winter and spring of 2014. Overall, these results demonstrate that haze particles stimulate rather than inhibit primary production in the NWPO.

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“…In addition to new production, it has been shown that leachable nutrients from atmospheric inputs may enhance N 2 fixation, changes in phytoplankton species composition and carbon sequestration (e.g., Mills et al, 2004;Guo et al, 2012;Moore et al, 2013;Bressac et al, 2014;Guieu et al, 2014b;Rahav et al, 2016a). While a low availability of macronutrients (N, P) and metal micronutrients (e.g., Fe, Co) can limit or colimit phytoplankton growth in the ocean (e.g., Moore et al, 2013), high concentrations of some metals (e.g., Cu or Al) can be toxic to phytoplankton (e.g., Paytan et al, 2009;Jordi et al, 2012;Krom et al, 2016). Yet, the impact of these dust inputs on microbial populations has not been fully investigated in the EMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Impact of Saharan Dust and Polluted Aerosols on Microbial Populations in the East Mediterranean Sea, an Overview of a Mesocosm Experimental Approach

et al. 2016

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Recent estimates of nutrient budgets for the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) indicate that atmospheric aerosols play a significant role as suppliers of macro-and micro-nutrients to its Low Nutrient Low Chlorophyll water. Here we present the first mesocosm experimental study that examines the overall response of the oligotrophic EMS surface mixed layer (Cretan Sea, May 2012) to two different types of natural aerosol additions, "pure" Saharan dust (SD, 1.6 mg l −1 ) and mixed aerosols (A-polluted and desert origin, 1 mg l −1 ). We describe the rationale, the experimental set-up, the chemical characteristics of the ambient water and aerosols and the relative maximal biological impacts that resulted from the added aerosols. The two treatments, run in triplicates (3 m 3 each), were compared to control-unamended runs. Leaching of ∼2.1-2.8 and 2.2-3.7 nmol PO 4 and 20-26 and 53-55 nmol NO x was measured per each milligram of SD and A, respectively, representing an addition of ∼30% of the ambient phosphate concentrations. The nitrate/phosphate ratios added in the A treatment were twice than those added in the SD treatment. Both types of dry aerosols triggered a positive change (25-600% normalized per 1 mg l −1 addition) in most of the rate and state variables that were measured: bacterial abundance (BA), bacterial production (BP), Synechococcus (Syn) abundance, chlorophyll-a (chl-a), primary production (PP), and dinitrogen fixation (N 2 -fix), with relative changes among them following the sequence BP>PP≈N2-fix>chl-a≈BA≈Syn. Our results show that the "polluted" aerosols triggered a relatively larger biological Herut et al.Impact of Aerosols on LNLC Seawater change compared to the SD amendments (per a similar amount of mass addition), especially regarding BP and PP. We speculate that despite the co-limitation of P and N in the EMS, the additional N released by the A treatment may have triggered the relatively larger response in most of the rate and state variables as compared to SD. An implication of our study is that a warmer atmosphere in the future may increase dust emissions and influence the intensity and length of the already well stratified water column in the EMS and hence the impact of the aerosols as a significant external source of new nutrients.

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Response of the Eastern Mediterranean Microbial Ecosystem to Dust and Dust Affected by Acid Processing in the Atmosphere

Cited by 25 publications

References 61 publications

Phytoplankton growth response to Asian dust addition in the northwest Pacific Ocean versus the Yellow Sea

Phytoplankton growth response to Asian dust addition in the northwest Pacific Ocean versus the Yellow Sea

Fertilization of the Northwest Pacific Ocean by East Asia Air Pollutants

The Potential Impact of Saharan Dust and Polluted Aerosols on Microbial Populations in the East Mediterranean Sea, an Overview of a Mesocosm Experimental Approach

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