Response of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to Nitrogen Levels in Irrigated Areas in Somalia

Abstract

Aims: SARTEC conducted an experimental study with the objective of determining the effects of various nitrogen rates on sunflower growth and yield in the Afgoi district, Lower Shabelle region.
 Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the SARTEC experimental farm in Afgoi during the Der season of 2020. The experiment used a Russian kind of sunflower and was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications and four plots for each. The crop was fertilized with different rates of N at 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1, with a control/unfertilized plot included in each of the replications. Plant height, head diameter, hundred-seed weight, seed, straw, and biological yield, as well as harvest index, were all measured on five plants from each plot for data collection.
 Results: The different fertilizer rates applied to the sunflower crop resulted in highly significant variations in yield and yield components. Seed-related parameters like seed weight and seed yield were influenced substantially more than other variables, including plant height; stem diameter, head diameter, and straw yield. Despite having the highest seed yield, plots with 150 kg of N ha-1 were not more cost-effective than plots with 100 kg ha-1.
 Conclusion: In Somalia, 100 kg of N per hectare is the ideal rate for maximizing sunflower revenue and production while adhering to best management practices.

Response of Yield Traits and its Components to Sesame Genotypes for Different Plant Distributions

“…because the local cultivated cultivar is characterized by low yield, low percentage of oil in its seeds, as well as poor resistance to fusarium wilt disease and capsule disintegration, [3] when studying three varieties of sesame showed superiority of the cultivar (NCRLBEN-O32) by registering the two highest averages of the number of capsules per plant and number of seeds in per capsule and excelled. The cultivar (M01-NCRLBEN) in total seed yield showed [4], in an experiment on several varieties of sesame that the cultivar (Nigerian) gave highest arithmetic average of number of capsules per plant and concluded [5], in an experiment carried out on two cultivars of sesame outperformed the cultivar (Ht-2) by giving it highest averages for number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seeds thousand weight and total seed yield [6]. In their experiment in which they used six cultivars of sesame, cultivar (Hurc-4) achieved highest average oil content In addition to that, the importance of vegetative distribution lies in the fact that it gives the ideal engineering space for the plant so that it achieves the maximum efficiency of interception of solar radiation, in addition to reducing competition between plants for light and nutrients in the soil.…”

“…the lowest mean for the trait amounted to (64.366) seeds Capsule-1 The reason is attributed to the superiority of cultivar Wadaa because it gave highest mean of number of capsules per plant[4], and interaction treatment (variety Wadaa and third plant distribution) recorded highest average of trait, which reached (71,000) capsule seeds.…”