Response of soil nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades to three levels of season-long sulfur dioxide exposures

Leetham, J. W.; McNary, T. J.; Dodd, J. L.; Lauenroth, W. K.

doi:10.1007/bf00460102

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Tardigrade responses to small-scale habitat heterogeneity (patchiness) could explain the high variability among pseudoreplicates as shown to be the predominant source of variance for all six examined indexes (Table 2). Leetham et al (1982) and Hohberg (2006) also found a high intrasite variance in the number of tardigrades in soil habitats, and a similar level of patchiness has been shown for other substrates as well (Meyer, 2006;Sohlenius et al, 2004;Tilbert et al, 2019). In our experimental setup, soil moisture was not correlated with air temperature and was instead correlated with air relative humidity (Burt et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Leetham et al. (1982) and Hohberg (2006) also found a high intrasite variance in the number of tardigrades in soil habitats, and a similar level of patchiness has been shown for other substrates as well (Meyer, 2006; Sohlenius et al., 2004; Tilbert et al., 2019). In our experimental setup, soil moisture was not correlated with air temperature and was instead correlated with air relative humidity (Burt et al., 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The toughest animals of the Earth versus global warming: Effects of long‐term experimental warming on tardigrade community structure of a temperate deciduous forest

Vecchi

Adakpo

Dunn

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The toughest animals of the Earth versus global warming: Effects of long‐term experimental warming on tardigrade community structure of a temperate deciduous forest

Vecchi

Adakpo

Dunn

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Compared to other tree species (e.g., maple or beech), oak stemflow has a slightly lower pH but contains higher amounts of nitrate, sulfate, and ammonia [ 39 , 40 ], which promote soil acidification. While the abundances of bacteria-feeding nematodes in forest soil were shown to be negatively affected by the low pH caused by oak stemflow, the effect of acidification on tardigrades and rotifers is either slight or none [ 41 , 42 ]. A study of water-filled tree holes showed that the pH value could be excluded as a decisive factor influencing the nematode and rotifer communities [ 10 , 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is stemflow a vector for the transport of small metazoans from tree surfaces down to soil?

2018

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BackgroundStemflow is an essential hydrologic process shaping the soil of forests by providing a concentrated input of rainwater and solutions. However, the transport of metazoans by stemflow has yet to be investigated. This 8-week study documented the organisms (< 2 mm) present in the stemflow of different tree species. Because the texture of the tree bark is a crucial determination of stemflow, trees with smooth bark (Carpinus betulus and Fagus sylvatica) and rough bark (Quercus robur) were examined.ResultsUp to 1170 individuals per liter of stemflow were collected. For rotifers and nematodes, a highly positive correlation between abundance and stemflow yield was determined. Both taxa were predominant (rotifers: up to 70%, nematodes: up to 13.5%) in the stemflow of smooth-barked trees whereas in that of the oak trees collembolans were the most abundant organisms (77.3%). The mean number of organisms collected per liter of stemflow from the two species of smooth-barked trees was very similar. A higher number of nematode species was found in the stemflow of these trees than in the stemflow of rough-barked oak and all were typical colonizers of soil- and bark-associated habitats.ConclusionThis pilot study showed for the first time that stemflow is a transport vector for numerous small metazoans. By connecting tree habitats (e.g., bark, moss, lichens or water-filled tree holes) with soil, stemflow may influence the composition of soil fauna by mediating intensive organismal dispersal.

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“…Principally using the free-living soil nematode Panagrellus redivivus, he has been able to characterize the reaction of the nematode to 25 known toxic chemicals including solvents, pesticides, metal oxides, and the naturally occurring fungal toxin Aflatoxin B. While his review of the topic of nematodes as indicators includes a few examples of soil-borne species being studied (Bissessar 1982;Leetham et al 1982), a much greater body of work exists with marine nematodes as the focus. However, given that most nematodes are known to have chemoreceptor organs and a substantial group of soil-inhabiting nematodes, as well as plant-parasitic and animal-parasitic species, have been shown to have various sugars involved in the function of these organs (Jansson 1987), it seems that further progress in using a broader range of soil-inhabiting species as toxicant detectors should be possible.…”

Section: Nematodes and Environmental Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematode biodiversity in Canadian agricultural soils

Potter¹,

McKeown²

2003

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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The biodiversity of soil-inhabiting nematodes in Canada is incompletely known, as large areas of Canada’s landmass have not been surveyed for nematode fauna. Nematodes considered as indigenous are generally well adapted to a variety of ecological niches and climatic zones. Much of the available information is based on agricultural ecosystems and agricultural species, and thus is biased toward conditions in disturbed ecosystems and away from “primeval” ecology. Introduced nematode species are frequently quite pathogenic, even to exotic host plants from the same geographic point of origin. Estimates of crop loss due to single species infestations of pathogenic nematodes and the costs of nematode control using chemicals are reasonably well known, averaging about 10% of crop value, but ranging to 100% depending on the situation; the cost of damage by multiple-species infestations is less defined. Nematode-suppressive mechanisms are understood in only a few plant species; sulfur appears to be important as a constituent of active compounds in suppressive plants of agricultural origin. Similarly, some native plants are equally adapted with allelopathic chemicals that suppress nematodes. Management of nematode populations in agricultural soils by integrated crop management methods is at an early stage, requiring research to quantify effects of nematode-suppressive plants and soil amendments containing nitrogen. An integrated program could include nematode-suppressive plants, appropriate soil amendments, and the promotion of microbial antagonists. Different mathematical methods may be required to analyze and explain multi-factor nematode control systems. Less-toxic management systems could benefit the soil-inhabiting nematodes that predate arthropod soil pests. Further research on soil-borne nematodes may demonstrate the value of nematodes as indicators of agroecosystem health and environmental pollutants. Key words: Biocontrol, biodiversity, nematode distribution, nematode management, soil ecology

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Response of soil nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades to three levels of season-long sulfur dioxide exposures

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

The toughest animals of the Earth versus global warming: Effects of long‐term experimental warming on tardigrade community structure of a temperate deciduous forest

The toughest animals of the Earth versus global warming: Effects of long‐term experimental warming on tardigrade community structure of a temperate deciduous forest

Is stemflow a vector for the transport of small metazoans from tree surfaces down to soil?

Nematode biodiversity in Canadian agricultural soils

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