Response of Sod-2 enzyme activity to selection for high voluntary wheel running

Thomson, S L; Garland, Theodore; Swallow, John G.; Carter, P A

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800008

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Circadian variation in SOD enzyme activity is observed in primate erythrocytes [45]. Interestingly, genetic selection of mice for increased wheel running is associated with decreased MnSOD activity in liver tissue [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulates Activity and Alters Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2009

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Circadian rhythms in animals are regulated at the level of individual cells and by systemic signaling to coordinate the activities of multiple tissues. The circadian pacemakers have several physiological outputs, including daily locomotor rhythms. Several redox-active compounds have been found to function in regulation of circadian rhythms in cells, however, how particular compounds might be involved in regulating specific animal behaviors remains largely unknown. Here the effects of hydrogen peroxide on Drosophila movement were analyzed using a recently developed three-dimensional real-time multiple fly tracking assay. Both hydrogen peroxide feeding and direct injection of hydrogen peroxide caused increased adult fly locomotor activity. Continuous treatment with hydrogen peroxide also suppressed daily locomotor rhythms. Conditional over-expression of the hydrogen peroxide-producing enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) also increased fly activity and altered the patterns of locomotor activity across days and weeks. The real-time fly tracking system allowed for detailed analysis of the effects of these manipulations on behavior. For example, both hydrogen peroxide feeding and SOD over-expression increased all fly motion parameters, however, hydrogen peroxide feeding caused relatively more erratic movement, whereas SOD over-expression produced relatively faster-moving flies. Taken together, the data demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide has dramatic effects on fly movement and daily locomotor rhythms, and implicate hydrogen peroxide in the normal control of these processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulates Activity and Alters Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2009

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“…Alternatively, perhaps resistance‐conferring allele(s) have narrower effects than on the partitioning of a general resource pool. For example, a specific resource may have been diverted to resistance critical for reproduction but not for survival, or pleiotropic effects may have been exerted on structures, enzymes (e.g., Thomson et al 2002), or behaviors specifically related to oogenesis or oviposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of Resistance in the Drosophila?macrocheles System: A Negative Genetic Correlation Between Ectoparasite Resistance and Reproduction

Luong¹,

Polák²

2007

Evolution

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Genetic variation for parasite resistance occurs in most host populations. Costs of resistance, manifested as reduced fitness of resistant genotypes in the absence of parasitism, can be an important factor contributing to the maintenance of this variation. One powerful tool for detecting costs of resistance is the study of correlated responses to artificial selection. Provided that experimental lines are recently derived from large outbreeding populations, and that inbreeding is minimized during the experiment, correlated responses to selection are expected to be strong indicators of pleiotropy. We artificially selected for elevated behavioral resistance against an ectoparasitic mite (Macrocheles subbadius) in replicate populations of the fly Drosophila nigrospiracula. Resistance was modeled as a threshold trait, and the realized heritability of resistance was estimated to be 12.3% (1.4% SE) across three replicate lines recently derived from nature. We contrasted the longevity and fecundity of resistant and control (unselected) flies under a variable thermal environment. We report that reduced fecundity is a correlated response to artificial selection for increased resistance, and that the strength of this effect increases from 25 • to 29 • C. In contrast, longevity differences were not detected between resistant and control lines at either temperature. These findings are robust as they were confirmed with an independent set of experimental lines. Thus, our results identify a negative genetic correlation between ectoparasite resistance and an important life-history trait. That a correlated response was only detected for fecundity, and not longevity, suggests that the genetic correlation is attributable to pleiotropic effects with narrower effects than reallocation of a general resource pool within the organism, although other interpretations are discussed. Combined with fluctuating parasite-mediated selection and temperature, the presence of this trade-off may contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation for resistance in natural populations.

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“…We would thus predict (H1) that selection mice have faster aging and shorter life spans than control mice, and that this effect would be accentuated in the active environment. Some weak support for this hypothesis from an earlier generation of this system of mice is presented by Thomson et al (2002), who found lower Sod-2 activity in 15-week-old selection females regardless of activity environment; in males, a G ϫ E interaction was identified, with selection males having lower Sod-2 activity in the sedentary environment but higher Sod-2 activity in the active environment. Although activity of antioxidant enzymes is not directly correlated with longevity, the results of Thomson et al (2002) suggest some potential evolutionary costs to selection for high wheel-running activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Evolution of Aging and Age-Related Physical Decline in Mic Selectively Bred for High Voluntary Exercise

Bronikowski¹,

Morgan²,

Garland³

et al. 2006

Evolution

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Abstract. We tested whether selective breeding for early-age high voluntary exercise behavior over 16 generations caused the evolution of lifelong exercise behavior, life expectancy, and age-specific mortality in house mice (Mus domesticus). Sixteenth-generation mice from four replicate selection lines and four replicate random-bred control lines were individually housed from weaning through death and divided between two activity treatments (either with or without running wheels). Thus, there were four treatment groups: selection versus control crossed with active versus sedentary. The effects of selective breeding on life expectancy and age-specific mortality differed between females and males. In females, sedentary selection mice had early and high initial adult mortality and thus the lowest increases in mortality with age. Active selection females had the lowest early adult mortality, had limited mortality during midlife, and exhibited rapid increases in mortality rates at the very end of life; thus, they had deferred senescence. Median life expectancy was greater for both groups of selection females than for the two complementary groups of control females. Like females, sedentary selection males had the highest early adult mortality, and slow but steadily increasing mortality over the entire lifetime. Unlike the active selection females, active control males had the lowest mortality across the lifespan (until the end of life). Interestingly, the males with the lowest median life expectancy were those in the active selection treatment group. In both sexes, running (km/week) decreased over the lifetime to very low and virtually equivalent levels at the end of life in control and selection mice. Overall, these results demonstrate an evolutionary cost of selective breeding for males, regardless of exercise level, but a benefit for females when they have an outlet for the up-selected behavior. We conclude that correlated evolution of senescence occurs in mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running; exercise per se is beneficial for control mice of both sexes, but the impact on the effect of selection depends on sex; and the behavioral effect of exercise selection at an early age declines throughout the life span, which demonstrates decreasing genetic correlations over age for the genes involved in increased exercise.

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Response of Sod-2 enzyme activity to selection for high voluntary wheel running

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulates Activity and Alters Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulates Activity and Alters Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Costs of Resistance in the Drosophila?macrocheles System: A Negative Genetic Correlation Between Ectoparasite Resistance and Reproduction

The Evolution of Aging and Age-Related Physical Decline in Mic Selectively Bred for High Voluntary Exercise

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