Response of Schizophrenic Patients to Dynamic Facial Expressions: An Event-Related Potentials Study

Fukuta, Mayuko; Kirino, Eiji; Inoue, Reiichi; Arai, Heii

doi:10.1159/000363339

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…However, no statistically significant differences were found between the natural images and the virtual ones, suggesting that this relationship is independent of the type of facial stimuli employed. These results match those of Fukuta et al (2014), and could be related to a combination of hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity to static and dynamic emotions respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…One powerful tool to enhance experimental control over such dynamic social interactions has been the use of avatars or virtual reality (Wu et al, 2014), and also the use of picture morphing interfaces (Fukuta et al, 2014). For example, a recent study shows that the use of virtual reality tools may present a number of advantages when dealing with patients suffering from schizophrenia, such as symptom assessment, identification of symptom markers, or the investigation of the differential prediction of symptoms (Freeman, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others show that there is no difference in the use of dynamic or static images as a combination of hypersensitivity to static emotions and hyposensitivity to dynamic emotions in people with schizophrenia might underlie the absence of differences in response to these stimuli (Fukuta et al, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Virtual Avatar for Emotion Recognition in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

Marcos-Pablos

González-Pablos

Martín-Lorenzo

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Persons who suffer from schizophrenia have difficulties in recognizing emotions in others’ facial expressions, which affects their capabilities for social interaction and hinders their social integration. Photographic images have traditionally been used to explore emotion recognition impairments in schizophrenia patients, but they lack of the dynamism that is inherent to facial expressiveness. In order to overcome those inconveniences, over the last years different authors have proposed the use of virtual avatars. In this work, we present the results of a pilot study that explored the possibilities of using a realistic-looking avatar for the assessment of emotion recognition deficits in patients who suffer from schizophrenia. In the study, 20 subjects with schizophrenia of long evolution and 20 control subjects were invited to recognize a set of facial expressions of emotions showed by both the said virtual avatar and static images. Our results show that schizophrenic patients exhibit recognition deficits in emotion recognition from facial expressions regardless the type of stimuli (avatar or images), and that those deficits are related with the psychopathology. Finally, some improvements in recognition rates (RRs) for the patient group when using the avatar were observed for sadness or surprise expressions, and they even outperform the control group in the recognition of the happiness expression. This leads to conclude that, apart from the dynamism of the shown expression, the RRs for schizophrenia patients when employing animated avatars may depend on other factors which need to be further explored.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual Avatar for Emotion Recognition in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

Marcos-Pablos

González-Pablos

Martín-Lorenzo

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…As described previously [35], clinical manifestations were evaluated by the PANSS [34], which is classified into five components according to the five-component model [36, 37]: negative (passive withdrawal, emotional withdrawal, blunted affects, lack of spontaneity, poor rapport, disturbance of volition, preoccupation, motor retardation), positive (delusions, unusual thoughts, somatic concern, grandiosity, suspiciousness, hallucinations), cognitive (difficulty in abstract thinking, stereotyped thinking, cognitive disorganization, lack of judgment and insight, poor attention, tension, mannerisms and posturing), emotional discomfort (depression, anxiety, guilt, active social avoidance), and hostility (excitement, hostility, impulse control, uncooperativeness).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous fMRI-EEG-DTI recording of MMN in patients with schizophrenia

et al. 2019

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) recording have complementary spatiotemporal resolution limitations but can be powerful methods when used together to enable both functional and anatomical modeling, with each neuroimaging procedure used to maximum advantage. We recorded EEGs during event-related fMRI followed by DTI in 15 healthy volunteers and 12 patients with schizophrenia using an omission mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm. Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes were calculated in a region of interest (ROI) analysis, and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the white matter fibers related to each area was compared between groups using tract-specific analysis. Patients with schizophrenia had reduced BOLD activity in the left middle temporal gyrus, and BOLD activity in the right insula and right parahippocampal gyrus significantly correlated with positive symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and hostility subscores. BOLD activation of Heschl’s gyri also correlated with the limbic system, including the insula. FA values in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) significantly correlated with changes in the BOLD signal in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), and FA values in the right ACC significantly correlated with PANSS scores. This is the first study to examine MMN using simultaneous fMRI, EEG, and DTI recording in patients with schizophrenia to investigate the potential implications of abnormalities in the ACC and limbic system, including the insula and parahippocampal gyrus, as well as the STG. Structural changes in the ACC during schizophrenia may represent part of the neural basis for the observed MMN deficits. The deficits seen in the feedback/feedforward connections between the prefrontal cortex and STG modulated by the ACC and insula may specifically contribute to impaired MMN generation and clinical manifestations.

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“…However, several studies indicate that attentional processes seem to be altered in individuals with delusions (e.g. Fukuta et al 2014;Moritz and Laudan 2007). For example in an emotional stroop paradigm, individuals with delusions demonstrated a selective increase of response time for paranoid words compared to healthy controls (Bentall and Kaney 1989), which the authors interpreted as an attentional bias towards threatrelated content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Attention to Threat-Related Faces and Delusion-Proneness: An Eye Tracking Study Using Dynamic Stimuli

2015

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Visual attention to threat-related facial expressions possibly contributes to delusion formation and maintenance and may serve as a vulnerability marker. The aim of the present study was to examine visual attention to threat-related facial expressions using dynamic stimuli in people with differing levels of delusion-proneness. We expected that threat-relevant facial expressions would attract more foveal attention compared to neutral faces. Additionally, we hypothesized that more delusion-prone individuals would show foveal avoidance and that this avoidance would occur particularly in the visual processing of threat-related faces. In a quasi-experimental design we categorized our sample by the paranoia checklist (PCL) into a high-PCL (n = 25) and low-PCL (n = 30) group. The participants' task was to view emotional facial expressions in validated film sequences while eye movements were measured. A mixed ANOVA for the number of fixations and equivalent non-parametric tests for fixation time were conducted. Both groups spent significantly more time viewing relevant features in threat-related faces compared to neutral faces. A significant main effect for group indicated fewer fixations in the high-PCL group compared to the low-PCL group for all faces. A significant Group 9 Affect interaction indicated that the number of fixations differed between the high-PCL group and the low-PCL group depending on whether the faces displayed neutral or threat-related expressions. The findings suggest that higher delusion-proneness is already associated with a deviant style of visually attending to facial expressions even in people who do not have a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. This style may thus be a vulnerability marker for psychosis.

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Response of Schizophrenic Patients to Dynamic Facial Expressions: An Event-Related Potentials Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Virtual Avatar for Emotion Recognition in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

Virtual Avatar for Emotion Recognition in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

Simultaneous fMRI-EEG-DTI recording of MMN in patients with schizophrenia

Visual Attention to Threat-Related Faces and Delusion-Proneness: An Eye Tracking Study Using Dynamic Stimuli

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