Response of Rice Yield and Grain Quality to Combined Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density in Saline Area

Chen, Yinglong; Liu, Yang; Dong, Shaojun; Liu, Juge; Wang, Yang; Hussain, Shahid; Wei, Huanhe; ZhongYang, Huo; Xu, Ke; Dai, Qigen

doi:10.3390/agriculture12111788

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The leaf area index, nitrogen uptake, agronomic efficiency, and recovery efficiency were also positively correlated with grain yield. In contrast, nitrogen uptake and leaf area index showed a significant negative correlation with internal N use efficiency (Chen et al, 2022). Ahmed et al (2016) found a significant interaction between the N rate and grain yield of crops.…”

Section: Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

Productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under conventional and organic nutrition

Elizabeth Jose,

KB,

Alex

et al. 2023

ECJ

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The current study demonstrates the influence of conventional and organic nutrient management practices on nitrogen use efficiency, growth, yield, and physiological and biochemical parameters in four rice varieties, namely, Jaiva, Ezhome 2, Jyothi and Uma. Growth parameters, grain yield per hill, and physiological and biochemical parameters were higher under conventional management for all rice varieties. Although the nitrogen use efficiency of each variety varied significantly with nutrient management practices, the variation was least in Jaiva (23.8%), which is the organic rice variety released by Kerala Agricultural University. The rice varieties Jaiva and Ezhome 2 showed consistency in the grain weight per panicle under both conventional (Jaiva- 4.57 g, Ezhome 2- 5.86 g) and organic (Jaiva, 4.24 g, Ezhome 2, 4.54 g) management. The soil nitrogen content at the tillering stage (0.66**) showed a significantly higher positive correlation with nitrogen use efficiency under organic management. The results of the study provide a better understanding of factors that can lead to a sustained yield in organic rice production in terms of nitrogen use efficiency.

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Section: Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

Productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under conventional and organic nutrition

Elizabeth Jose,

KB,

Alex

et al. 2023

ECJ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in planting density cause changes in the number of tillers during critical growth stages, affecting the morphological characteristics of stems, lignin, and cellulose composition, and lodging resistance, ultimately altering rice yield [9,29]. The combined application of silicon fertilizer is beneficial for normal physiological metabolism in rice and significantly promotes the growth of rice [9,30]. In this study, jointly increasing density, reducing N, and applying silicon fertilizer could promote changes in stem dynamics, plant morphology, and physiological characteristics during key growth stages, thereby affecting rice yield and lodging traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to improve N utilization efficiency and stabilize rice yield, the combined cultivation of densification and N reduction has been widely concerned by researchers. However, this method still faces the problems of increasing competition among individuals within the population and in rising the lodging index of rice, which limits mechanized rice harvesting processes and results in yield loss [9,10]. Furthermore, the traditional method of rice cultivation can readily lead to nonpoint source pollution in farmland due to excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, while densification-only treatment can reduce individual morphological indicators and increase the rice lodging index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicon Fertilizer Addition Can Improve Rice Yield and Lodging Traits under Reduced Nitrogen and Increased Density Conditions

Dong,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Reducing nitrogen fertilizer application, selecting a reasonable planting density, and adding silicon fertilizer can be used together to decrease excessive nitrogen fertilizer inputs in rice fields, reduce production costs, and ensure stable rice yield. However, the dynamics of the stem and internodes, as well as the changes in the physical and physiological characteristics of rice under a combination of these three strategies, are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify these effects to improve the efficiency of rice production in northeastern China. A 2-year field experiment was conducted using five treatments: a conventional densification treatment (DM), a densification combined with reduced N input (−20%) treatment (DLM), and three densifications combined with reduced N input (−20%) and basal silicon fertilizer treatments (low fertilizer: DLMS1; medium fertilizer: DLMS2; and high fertilizer: DLMS3). This study revealed that the addition of silicon fertilizer improved rice yield compared to that under reduced nitrogen or increased density treatments alone, prevented excessive ineffective tillering after a density increase, and increased the number of productive panicles. Among the treatments, the DLMS3 treatment had the highest yields of 10.53 t/ha and 10.73 t/ha over the 2 years. Reducing nitrogen and increasing density reduced the weight and length of single panicles, while the addition of silicon fertilizer was beneficial for improving stem toughness, improving the physical and physiological characteristics of the plants and panicles, and enhancing plant bending resistance. Among the treatments, DLMS3 had the highest bending resistance, which increased by 440.1 g and 503.8 g compared to the lowest values in the DM treatment in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Nitrogen reduction resulted in the lowest lodging index values, with DLMS3 having the lowest values in both years, which decreased by 19.6% and 22.5% compared to the highest values in DM (2020) and DLM (2021), respectively. This study indicates that the application of 150.0 kg/ha silicon fertilizer in combination with reduced nitrogen and increased density (DLMS3) reduces the lodging index while ensuring rice yield, preventing a tradeoff between yield reduction and lodging due to a density increase or due to nitrogen reduction combined with a density increase and allowing for a reduction in nitrogen fertilizer input, which could ensure a uniform yield and an increase in lodging resistance. These results provide a scientific basis for rice cultivation measures that lead to high yield and lodging resistance while protecting the environment.

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“…N application is an essential cultivation measure for regulating rice grain filling, endogenous hormone accumulation, and C and N metabolism. High N fertilization affects the grain filling balance, leading to slower grain filling and poor filling, resulting in a loose starch arrangement and increased chalkiness [ 18 ]; however, some studies have suggested that increasing N fertilization can prolong the effective filling period of inferior grains and reduce chalkiness formation [ 19 , 20 ]. The activities of cytokinins (ZRs), indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), soluble starch synthase (SS), and starch-branching enzyme (BE) within the grain are strongly correlated with chalkiness during the pre-filling period, whereas the opposite is true during the post-filling period [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Chalkiness Is Decreased by Balancing the Synthesis of Protein and Starch in Hybrid Indica Rice Grains under Nitrogen Fertilization

Guo,

Zhang,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Foods

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The important reason for the commercial value of hybrid rice suffering is due to excessive chalkiness, and the biosynthesis of starch and proteins is critical for regulating chalkiness; however, it is currently unclear how the application of N fertilizer affects grains to reduce their chalkiness and improve their quality. The 2019, 2020, and 2021 trials were conducted in a split-plot design, with high and low chalky varieties as the main plot and N fertilizer rate as the split-plot. The effects of fertilization with 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha−1 on the dynamic synthesis of starch, protein, and endogenous hormones and on the amino acid of hybrid indica rice kernels with different degrees of chalkiness were investigated. Grain physiological activity was higher in low-chalky varieties than in high-chalky varieties, and these physiological parameters were strongly associated with chalkiness formation. Higher N fertilization (150 and 225 kg N ha−1) significantly reduced the proportion of chalky grains (8.93–28.02%) and chalkiness (8.61–33.99%) compared with 75 kg N ha−1. Increased N fertilization decreased the activities of granule-bound starch synthase and starch-debranching enzyme, but significantly increased adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, soluble starch synthase, and starch-branching enzyme activities, synergistically improving glutamate synthetase and glutamine synthetase enzyme activities, which tended to support the synthesis of amylopectin, α-ketoglutarate, and 3-phosphoglyceric acid-derived amino acids in the endosperm cells of the grains; this favored starch and protein accumulation in the grains at 6–30 days after anthesis. Additionally, N application promoted the synthesis of endogenous hormones 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, gibberellins, and abscisic acid in grains. Hence, N fertilization reduced the rice chalkiness in hybrid indica rice varieties by balancing grain protein and starch composition and enhancing some endogenous hormone synthesis.

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Response of Rice Yield and Grain Quality to Combined Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density in Saline Area

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under conventional and organic nutrition

Productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under conventional and organic nutrition

Silicon Fertilizer Addition Can Improve Rice Yield and Lodging Traits under Reduced Nitrogen and Increased Density Conditions

Grain Chalkiness Is Decreased by Balancing the Synthesis of Protein and Starch in Hybrid Indica Rice Grains under Nitrogen Fertilization

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