Response of phytoplankton to nitrogen addition in the Taiwan strait upwelling region: Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities

Hong, Huasheng; Wang, Yujue; Wang, Dazhi

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.018

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Nitrate reductase (NR) is regarded as the initial enzyme involved in the N metabolism, which catalyzes the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Nitrite is reduced further into ammonium by nitrite reductase (NIR) [51]. A positive correlation between the NR activity and free NO 3 − content in plants was observed in this study (Figures 5A and 6A), which was in agreement with previous reports [17,32,52,53].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Growth, Quality, and Nitrogen Assimilation in Response to High Ammonium or Nitrate Supply in Cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

2021

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Plants grow better when they are supplied with a combination of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) than when either one is supplied as the sole N (nitrogen) source. However, the effects of N forms on N metabolism and major N assimilation enzymes in different plants, especially vegetables, are largely neglected. This study was conducted on two plants with distinct NH4+ tolerances to compare the responses of two popular leafy vegetables, Korean cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) ‘Ssamchu’ and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) ‘Caesar green’, to the N source. To this end, plant growth and quality, photosynthesis, carbohydrate, N contents (in the forms of NO3−, NO2−, NH4+, total protein), and key N assimilation-related enzyme (NR, NIR, GS, GDH) activities were investigated. When plants were subjected to one of three NH4+:NO3− regimes, 0:100, 50:50, or 100:0, lettuce was relatively more tolerant while cabbage was extremely sensitive to high NH4+. Both plants benefited more from being grown with 50:50 NH4+:NO3−, as evidenced by the best growth performance, ameliorated photosynthesis, and enriched carbohydrate (C) stock content. In addition, as compared to cabbage, the GS and GDH activities were reinforced in lettuce in response to an increasing external NH4+ level, resulting in low NH4+ accumulation. Our findings suggested that boosting or maintaining high GS and GDH activities is an important strategy for the ammonium tolerance in vegetables.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Growth, Quality, and Nitrogen Assimilation in Response to High Ammonium or Nitrate Supply in Cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

2021

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“…N assimilation is crucial for plant stress tolerance [44]. In higher plants, NR uses NADH as a reductant to catalyse the conversion of NO 3 − to NO 2 − in the cytoplasm [45]. Similar to that which occurs in tobacco, PEG-simulated drought stress inhibited NR activity and gene relative expression levels in maize leaves (Figure 4, Figure 6) [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Exogenous DCPTA Increases the Tolerance of Maize Seedlings to PEG-Simulated Drought by Regulating Nitrogen Metabolism-Related Enzymes

Xie

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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2-(3,4-Dichlorophenoxy) triethylamine (DCPTA) regulates plant development; however, the molecular basis of this regulation is poorly understood. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and physiological indexes of maize seedlings (three-leaf stage) treated with 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG) with/without DCPTA were investigated to explore the possible mechanism of exogenous DCPTA-improved drought tolerance. In the library pair comparisons of DCPTA vs. the control, PEG vs. the control, and PEG + DCPTA vs. PEG, totals of 19, 38 and 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified as being involved in metabolic processes, respectively; totals of 5, 11, and 6 DEGs were enriched in the nitrogen (N) metabolic pathway, respectively. The genes encoding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-nitrate reductase (NADH-NR), ferredoxin-nitrite reductase (Fd-NiR), reduced ferredoxin-glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT), and chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (GS 2) were common in response to PEG-simulated drought stress with/without DCPTA treatment. Moreover, DCPTA maintained stable gene relative expression levels and protein abundances of NADH-NR, Fd-NiR, GS2, and Fd-GOGAT. Moreover, exogenous DCPTA partially mitigated PEG-simulated drought-induced reductions in the enzymatic activities of NR, nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthase (GS), glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT), and transaminase, as well as in the contents of nitrate (NO 3 − ), nitrite (NO 2 − ) and soluble proteins and increases in the contents of ammonium (NH 4 + ) and free amino acids. Together, our results indicate that exogenous DCPTA improved plant growth and drought tolerance by regulating N-mechanism enzymatic activities involved in transcription and enzymatic protein synthesis.

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“…Enzymes of nitrogen metabolism catalyze nitrogen reduction and assimilation, an important adaptation of plants to certain environmental conditions (Debouba et al, 2006). Nitrate reductase is the first enzyme involved in nitrate assimilation and catalyzes the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, using NADH, in the cytoplasm of higher plant cells (Hong et al, 2011). Nitrate reductase is regulated at the transcriptional as well as the post-translational level by various external and endogenous signals However, rapid posttranslational modifications of the enzyme are thought to dominate the regulation of NR activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of nitrate-ammonium ratios and temperatures on growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism of tomato seedlings

2017

Scientia Horticulturae

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Growth of many species of plants is optimal when the two major forms of N that are assimilated by plants are supplied at a particular ratio. This ratio is affected by both species and the environment. We assessed the effects of different ratios of nitrate to ammonium (N-A ratio) supplied to hydroponically grown chilling stressed and non-stressed tomato seedlings on several parameters. When the plants were grown in normal temperature (14-30°C), growth parameters, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll concentration, soluble protein in roots, and leaf nitrates were greatest when the N-A ratio was 75:25. The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and NADH-dependent glutamate synthetase (NADH-GOGAT) in leaves were maximal when the N-A ratio was 50:50, while NADH-GOGAT in roots was maximal when the ratio was 25:75.

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Response of phytoplankton to nitrogen addition in the Taiwan strait upwelling region: Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Growth, Quality, and Nitrogen Assimilation in Response to High Ammonium or Nitrate Supply in Cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Growth, Quality, and Nitrogen Assimilation in Response to High Ammonium or Nitrate Supply in Cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Exogenous DCPTA Increases the Tolerance of Maize Seedlings to PEG-Simulated Drought by Regulating Nitrogen Metabolism-Related Enzymes

Interactive effects of nitrate-ammonium ratios and temperatures on growth, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism of tomato seedlings

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