Response of phytoplankton dynamics to 19-year (1991–2009) climate trends in Potter Cove (Antarctica)

Age-dependent expression of stress and antimicrobial genes in the hemocytes and siphon tissue of the Antarctic bivalve, Laternula elliptica, exposed to injury and starvation

“…Antarctic invertebrates such as the brachiopod Liothyrella uva were shown to have typically prolonged postprandial elevation of metabolic rates (Peck 1998(Peck , 2002Peck and Veal 2001) which points to a long duration of food utilization and may delay the onset of severe starvation in Antarctic invertebrates. In addition, Antarctic invertebrates typically have low metabolic rates as an adaptation to the extremely cold climate and intense seasonality with short summers and long periods of potential food shortage during winter (Clarke et al 2008;Peck and Conway 2000;Schloss et al 2012). The systemic occurrence of a starved phenotype may not be primarily apparent in the tissues tested in this experiment, especially the hemocytes, as one of the first biochemical symptoms would be mobilization of stored energy reserves, such as fat or protein.…”

“…At the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region, recent rapid aerial warming has caused profound environmental changes, including warming of the water in shallow coastal and shelf areas and rapid glacier disintegration (Turner et al 2009;Cook et al 2005;Schloss et al 2012). Glacier melt water streams carry high amounts of terrestrial mineral suspensions into the marine coastal environment, and therefore, higher levels of glacier melt result in increased nearshore marine sedimentation loads (Dominguez and Eraso 2007;Schloss et al 2012).…”

“…Glacier melt water streams carry high amounts of terrestrial mineral suspensions into the marine coastal environment, and therefore, higher levels of glacier melt result in increased nearshore marine sedimentation loads (Dominguez and Eraso 2007;Schloss et al 2012). The calving of glacial fronts and ice shelves produces increased amounts of floating brash ice and icebergs and hence more ice scouring in shallow coastal areas (Turner et al 2009;Barnes and Souster 2011;Brown et al 2004).…”

Analysis of trends and sudden changes in long-term environmental data from King George Island (Antarctica): relationships between global climatic oscillations and local system response

“…Most common types of times series analyses, such as spectral analysis or ARIMA are not applicable, since they require complete data sets, and often even longer time-scales. Recently, Schloss et al (2012) analysed the same dataset (November 1991-December 2009 and presented a first general trend analysis and cross-correlations to determine long-term climatic trends. In contrast, the objective of the present paper is to reveal sudden changes in the investigated parameters related to the major climatic cycles, for a better understanding of climate related dynamics caused by SAM and ENSO in a small scale coastal Antarctic system.…”

“…In contrast, the objective of the present paper is to reveal sudden changes in the investigated parameters related to the major climatic cycles, for a better understanding of climate related dynamics caused by SAM and ENSO in a small scale coastal Antarctic system. The analysis aims at explaining some of the previously described non-linear trends and patterns in the data set (Schloss et al 2012). To this end, we chose to apply specific tests of turning points and analyses of non-linear trends, combining all measured parameters with the climatic indices to an advanced version of this unique data set (now extended until December 2010).…”