Response of olive and almond orchards to partial irrigation under dry-farming practices in semi-arid regions:

Abdel-Rahman, A. A.; El‐Sharkawi, H. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00017940

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The following years, trees set fruits and yield increased substantially, while annual growth rates decreased substantially, reaching their lower values six years after plantation. Similar patterns of growth were reported for almond and peach trees [31], showing optimum increases four years after plantation and high variations from year to year in response to the changing conditions and the degree of adaptation of varieties to the environmental factors and their changes. Low rates recorded for canopy and tree height after the optimum value seems to be inherent to the establishment of competition between the vegetative growth and the growing fruits, which is well-known for adult trees [3,4,7,9,24,30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Indeed, from bud break to pit hardening, large amounts of assimilates are needed to supply shoots, roots, trunk, buds and the developing fruits [3,9,24,32]. A great reduction of the current vegetative growth is always recorded because the new biomass produced is mostly driven to fruits, while the previously existing shoots did not increase in biomass [4,7,31]. After this period of pit hardening, fruit size increased, while shoot development decreased noticeably.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the irrigated orchards, a different growth pattern was reported for cultivar Picholine Marocaine [30], with major growth recorded during the spring period. In autumn, when the temperature decreased, a second flux of growth was reported in most cases [5,6,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth of Young Olive Trees: Water Requirements in Relation to Canopy and Root Development

Masmoudi-Charfi¹

2013

AJPS

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The study was carried out in north Tunisia (36.5˚N, 10.2˚E) in order to get a comprehensive view of the growth dynamic of young olive orchards (Olea europaea L.,). The experiment involved irrigated trees of cultivars Chétoui, Manzanille, Meski and Picholine, planted at 6 × 6 m 2 spacing. Tree height, shoot length and canopy, fruit and trunk diameters were monitored regularly after plantation on 12 trees per variety. Root development was analyzed on Chétoui trees, only. Growth patterns were established annually for each variety before proposing an average model for each growth parameter. Results showed that tree height, shoot length and trunk diameter grew following an S-shaped curve with maximum annual increases occurring on the 4 th year for tree height and a year later for canopy. The minimum gain coincided with the highest fruit load year, indicating that competition for assimilates concerns also young trees. Average growth patterns for tree height and shoots showed sustained rates all over the growing season with seven distinct periods of growth. Rapid growth occurred in April, July, and September, with similar growth trends observed for productive and less productive cultivars. However, the studied varieties behaved differently. Picholine cv., provided the most important increases and was the best water user. Results also showed that most roots were confined to the top soil layers and developed nearby the trunks. High root densities and important water depletion were observed in this area and thus, water and fertilizers should be supplied for young trees at these depths and distances from trunks. Root and canopy development were highly correlated (r = 0.94) and interfered with fruit growth. When trees set their first productions, the root-canopy ratio approximated the unit. An optimum ratio between root length and leaf area was found (2.3 km·m −2 ) for the 6-year-old tree, indicating good equilibrium between the above and the underground parts. On the basis of these results, a mathematical model was developed allowing a precise estimation of water requirements of olive trees during a period, where ground cover rarely exceeds 30%. We can conclude that all these models, graphic and mathematic give precise information on the occurrence of the various phenophases of young olive trees and may be used for a quantitative appraisal of the performance of olive varieties under a given environment. However, some aspects would be probed deeper and particularly the influence of climatic data on growth dynamic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth of Young Olive Trees: Water Requirements in Relation to Canopy and Root Development

Masmoudi-Charfi¹

2013

AJPS

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“…sap osmotic potential, Abd-El-Rahman et al (1966) observed a marked rise in the osmotic pressure of the olive sap throughout the dry season, exceeding the values observed in other xerophytes. Rieger (1995) also observed osmotic adjustment in expanding olive leaves, finding values of osmotic potential similar to those reported by Abd-El-Rahman and El-Sharkawi (1974). The increase in sap osmotic pressure enables the roots to extract more water when the soil dries (Abd-El-Rahman et al, 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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et al. 1997

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Little is known about the strategies used by olive trees to overcome the long dry periods typical of the areas where they are cropped. This makes it difficult to optimize the water supply in orchards. To study the control of water consumption by olive trees, measurements of leaf water potential ( ) and stomatal conductance to H 2 O (g) were made on 26-year-old Manzanillo olive trees under three irrigation treatments. The first treatment provided enough water to cover the crop water demand, the next treatment supplied one third of that rate, and the final treatment was no irrigation at all, typical of dry-farming conditions. Under conditions of high vapour pressure deficit of the air (D ), the olive trees prevented excessive water loss by closing their stomata. Leaves of the current year showed better stomatal control than did the 1-year-old leaves. The upper-bound functional relationships between g and D and photon flux density (I ) were obtained by boundary-line analysis, based on a technique of non-linear least squares. Maximum values of g were observed at relatively low levels of I , from about 500 mol m 2 s 1 , and a proportional decrease in g with increasing D was also found, at least for values of up to approximately 3.5 kPa. Higher values of g were observed in the morning than in the afternoon, for similar levels of I and D . Unirrigated olive trees recovered quickly after the dry season, showing values of and g similar to those of irrigated trees after just two days.

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“…Abd-Eel-Rahman and El-Sharkawi [8]; Lavee et al [9]; Proietti et al [10] Low frequency deficit irrigation (LFDI)…”

Section: Supplementary or Complementary Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Based Methods for Irrigation Scheduling of Woody Crops

Fernández

2017

Horticulturae

131

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Abstract:The increasing world population and expected climate scenarios impel the agricultural sector towards a more efficient use of water. The scientific community is responding to that challenge by developing a variety of methods and technologies to increase crop water productivity. Precision irrigation is intended to achieve that purpose, through the wise choice of the irrigation system, the irrigation strategy, the method to schedule irrigation, and the production target. In this review, the relevance of precision irrigation for a rational use of water in agriculture, and methods related to the use of plant-based measurements for both the assessment of plant water stress and irrigation scheduling, are considered. These include non-automated, conventional methods based on manual records of plant water status and gas exchange, and automated methods where the related variable is recorded continuously and automatically. Thus, the use of methodologies based on the Scholander chamber and portable gas analysers, as well as those of systems for measuring sap flow, stem diameter variation and leaf turgor pressure, are reviewed. Other methods less used but with a potential to improve irrigation are also considered. These include those based on measurements related to the stem and leaf water content, and to changes in electrical potential within the plant. The use of measurements related to canopy temperature, both for direct assessment of water stress and for defining zones with different irrigation requirements, is also addressed. Finally, the importance of choosing the production target wisely, and the need for economic analyses to obtain maximum benefit of the technology related to precision irrigation, are outlined.

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Response of olive and almond orchards to partial irrigation under dry-farming practices in semi-arid regions:

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Growth of Young Olive Trees: Water Requirements in Relation to Canopy and Root Development

Growth of Young Olive Trees: Water Requirements in Relation to Canopy and Root Development

Untitled

Plant-Based Methods for Irrigation Scheduling of Woody Crops

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