Response of medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) genotypes to P supply under long photoperiod: Functional phenotyping and the ionome

Shiponi, Sivan; Bernstein, Nirit

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113154

Cited by 31 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A decline in photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance under higher P application (60 and 90 mg L −1 ) was found only in DQ plants at the first measurement. This resembles results that we have reported previously for the vegetative stage (Shiponi and Bernstein, 2021). Reduced photosynthesis as a result of P toxicity was observed in Hakea prostrata (Shane et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The sensitivity of plant growth and development to P supply at the reproductive phase presented in this study are similar to responses we have recently reported for the vegetative phase (Shiponi and Bernstein, 2021). Responses to N and K nutrition are described in Saloner et al (2019) and Bernstein (2020, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…P concentration reached sufficient levels of 4.0-5.5 mg g −1 under 60 mg L −1 P supply, in accord with previous results for hemp (5-6 mg g −1 ; Iványi and Izsáki, 2009) and for medical cannabis at the vegetative growth stage (3-4 mg g −1 ; Shiponi and Bernstein, 2021). The leaves in P-"hungry" plants (from the 5 and 15 mg L −1 treatments) and leaves grown under 30 mg L −1 P supply contained only ∼20 and ∼40% of the P stored in leaves grown under sufficient P nutrition of 60 mg L −1 P, respectively, in both cultivars.…”

Section: Phosphorus Accumulation Distribution and Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The effect of P nutrition on leaf gas exchange parameters was likewise similar for the reproductive (Figure 4) and the vegetative stages (Shiponi and Bernstein, 2021) as well as for the middle and end of the reproductive phase. Photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance were lowest under low P supply and reached a maximum under 30 mg L −1 P (Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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The Highs and Lows of P Supply in Medical Cannabis: Effects on Cannabinoids, the Ionome, and Morpho-Physiology

Shiponi

Bernstein

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Environmental conditions, including the availability of mineral nutrients, affect secondary metabolism in plants. Therefore, growing conditions have significant pharmaceutical and economic importance for Cannabis sativa. Phosphorous is an essential macronutrient that affects central biosynthesis pathways. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that P uptake, distribution and availability in the plant affect the biosynthesis of cannabinoids. Two genotypes of medical “drug-type” cannabis plants were grown under five P concentrations of 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 mg L–1 (ppm) in controlled environmental conditions. The results reveal several dose-dependent effects of P nutrition on the cannabinoid profile of both genotypes, as well as on the ionome and plant functional physiology, thus supporting the hypothesis: (i) P concentrations ≤15 mg L–1 were insufficient to support optimal plant function and reduced photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and growth; (ii) 30–90 mg L–1 P was within the optimal range for plant development and function, and 30 mg L–1 P was sufficient for producing 80% of the maximum yield; (iii) Ionome: about 80% of the plant P accumulated in the unfertilized inflorescences; (iv) Cannabinoids: P supply higher than 5 mg L–1 reduced Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) concentrations in the inflorescences by up to 25%. Cannabinoid concentrations decreased linearly with increasing yield, consistent with a yield dilution effect, but the total cannabinoid content per plant increased with increasing P supply. These results reveal contrasting trends for effects of P supply on cannabinoid concentrations that were highest under <30 mg L–1 P, vs. inflorescence biomass that was highest under 30–90 mg L–1 P. Thus, the P regime should be adjusted to reflect production goals. The results demonstrate the potential of mineral nutrition to regulate cannabinoid metabolism and optimize pharmacological quality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Phosphorus Accumulation Distribution and Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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The Highs and Lows of P Supply in Medical Cannabis: Effects on Cannabinoids, the Ionome, and Morpho-Physiology

Shiponi

Bernstein

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Regardless of evolutionary relationships, Cannabis is largely cultivated for medicinal and recreational use, and this has led to further categorization with regard to its relative cannabinoid concentrations, which broadly vary between the male and female plants (Small and Cronquist, 1976 ; Emboden, 1981 ; Hillig, 2005 ). Over time, cultivation and breeding of Cannabis plants led to the expansion of genetic variations, resulting in a range of cultivars with contrasting phenotypes, traits and secondary metabolite properties (Li, 1973 ; Clarke and Merlin, 2017 ; Saloner and Bernstein, 2020 ; Danziger and Bernstein, 2021a , b ; Shiponi and Bernstein, 2021 ). Despite technological advances in Cannabis breeding, the proportion of cannabinoids — or more specifically, of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) — fluctuate greatly depending on various factors, including the sex of the parents (male or female), genotypes, cultivation practices, and biotic or abiotic stresses (Backer, et al, 2019 ; Saloner and Bernstein, 2020 ; Danziger and Bernstein, 2021a , b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impacts of soil microbiota manipulation on secondary metabolites production in cannabis

Ahmed

Hijri

2021

J Cannabis Res

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Background Cannabis growing practices and particularly indoor cultivation conditions have a great influence on the production of cannabinoids. Plant-associated microbes may affect nutrient acquisition by the plant. However, beneficial microbes influencing cannabinoid biosynthesis remain largely unexplored and unexploited in cannabis production. Objective To summarize study outcomes on bacterial and fungal communities associated with cannabis using high-throughput sequencing technologies and to uncover microbial interactions, species diversity, and microbial network connections that potentially influence secondary metabolite production in cannabis. Materials and method A mini review was conducted including recent publications on cannabis and their associated microbiota and secondary metabolite production. Results In this review, we provide an overview of the potential role of the soil microbiome in production of cannabinoids, and discussed that manipulation of cannabis-associated microbiome obtained through soil amendment interventions of diversified microbial communities sourced from natural forest soil could potentially help producers of cannabis to improve yields of cannabinoids and enhance the balance of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) proportions. Conclusion Cannabis is one of the oldest cultivated crops in history, grown for food, fiber, and drugs for thousands of years. Extension of genetic variation in cannabis has developed into wide-ranging varieties with various complementary phenotypes and secondary metabolites. For medical or pharmaceutical purposes, the ratio of CBD to THC is key. Therefore, studying soil microbiota associated with cannabis and its potential impact on secondary metabolites production could be useful when selecting microorganisms as bioinoculant agents for enhanced organic cannabinoid production.

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Phosphorus fertilisation differentially influences growth, morpho-physiological adaptations and nutrient uptake of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Islam

Rengel

Storer³

et al. 2023

Plant Soil

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Background and Aims Phosphorus (P) is a restricting nutrient for crop productivity worldwide. P deficiency can lead to stunted growth and development, eventually affecting crop yield. But less is documented about the impact of P fertility on industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) production in the low-P soils of south-western Australia. We aimed to investigate the effect of P rates on growth, physiology, rhizosphere carboxylate exudation, nutrient uptake and P-use efficiency in hemp. Methods The study was conducted in a randomised complete block design with four P rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg P kg–1 dry soil) and three hemp varieties (Morpeth, Han FNQ and Fedora 17). Plants were grown and raised in a controlled-environment phytotron until harvested 35 days after sowing at vegetative growth stage (3rd to nth leaf pair). Results Our results revealed a strong influence of treatment (P rate) on hemp growth, physiology, biomass, nutrient uptake and P-use efficiency compared to variety and the variety × treatment interaction. Hemp roots predominantly released citrate in P-deficient conditions and gradually shifted to malate exudation with increasing P supply. The N:P ratio, leaf chlorophyll, and gas exchange data coupled with shoot and root length data suggest that Morpeth and Fedora 17 differ in morpho-physiological adaptations for optimum photosynthesis and growth, with high leaf chlorophyll and coarse root length achieved by Morpeth and high intercellular CO2 concentration and shoot length by Fedora 17. Conclusions Morpeth and Fedora 17 had high shoot biomass, root length, root surface area and agronomic P-use and P-utilisation efficiencies in response to increasing soil P, while Han FNQ had moderate shoot yield, root growth, high citrate exudation, tissue P concentration and P-uptake efficiency.

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Response of medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) genotypes to P supply under long photoperiod: Functional phenotyping and the ionome

Cited by 31 publications

References 62 publications

The Highs and Lows of P Supply in Medical Cannabis: Effects on Cannabinoids, the Ionome, and Morpho-Physiology

The Highs and Lows of P Supply in Medical Cannabis: Effects on Cannabinoids, the Ionome, and Morpho-Physiology

Potential impacts of soil microbiota manipulation on secondary metabolites production in cannabis

Phosphorus fertilisation differentially influences growth, morpho-physiological adaptations and nutrient uptake of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

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