Response of leptin to short-term and prolonged overfeeding in humans.

Kolaczynski, Jerzy W.; Ohannesian, Joanna P.; Considine, R. V.; Marco, Cheryl; F, J

doi:10.1210/jcem.81.11.8923877

Cited by 221 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In adults, circulating leptin predictably rises after overfeeding [36] and falls after fasting [37]. However, whether specific macronutrients alter serum leptin concentrations independent of energy intake is equivocal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Determines Features of the Metabolic Syndrome in 6- to 14-Year-Old Children

Aeberli

Spinas²,

Lehmann³

et al. 2009

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

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Background/Objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) and hypertension are common in overweight children, and the adipocyte-derived hormones resistin, adiponectin, and leptin may modulate IR and blood pressure (BP). Few data exist in children on dietary determinants of IR, BP, or leptin, and no data exist on dietary determinants of resistin and adiponectin. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate dietary determinants of IR, BP, resistin, adiponectin, and leptin concentrations, as well as the interrelationship among these variables, in normal and overweight children. Subjects/Methods: In 6- to 14-year-old Swiss children (n=79), nutritional intake was assessed using two 24-hour-recalls and a one-day dietary record. Body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), waist/hip ratio (W/H ratio), BP, glucose, insulin, resistin, adiponectin, and leptin were determined. IR was calculated using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Results: BMI, BF%, and W/H ratio were significant predictors of leptin and insulin, QUICKI, and systolic BP, but not resistin or adiponectin. Of the overweight and obese children, 40 % were diagnosed pre-hypertensive or hypertensive. Total energy, fat, saturated fat, and protein intakes were significant predictors of fasting insulin and QUICKI, and total fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat intakes were significant predictors of systolic BP, independent of BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) and age. There were no associations between these dietary factors and leptin, adiponectin, or resistin. Conclusion: In children, dietary macronutrient composition is a predictor of IR and systolic BP, but not resistin, adiponectin, or leptin concentrations. Resistin and adiponectin concentrations are not correlated with IR or BP in this age range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Determines Features of the Metabolic Syndrome in 6- to 14-Year-Old Children

Aeberli

Spinas²,

Lehmann³

et al. 2009

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that the leptin gene expression is positively regulated by insulin both in vivo (Saladin et al, 1995;Kolaczynski et al, 1996c) and in vitro (Kolaczynski et al, 1996c;Leroy et al, 1996). Plasma leptin levels decrease after fasting and increase by refeeding in humans (Kolaczynski et al, 1996a,b;Boden et al, 1996;Dubuc et al, 1998;Geldszus et al, 1996;Wadden et al, 1998) and rodents (Frederich et al, 1995), which parallels the change in plasma insulin levels (Kolaczynski et al, 1996b). Accordingly, it is possible that acutely decreased insulin levels during the early phase of an LCD may contribute to a rapid fall in plasma leptin levels.…”

Section: Clinical Implications Of Leptinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical implications of leptin and its potential humoral regulators in long-term low-calorie diet therapy for obese humans

et al. 2002

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Objective: To address the clinical implications of leptin and to re-examine the relationship between leptin and its potential humoral regulators such as insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and triiodothyronine (T3) in low-calorie diet (LCD) for obese humans. Design: Longitudinal study. Setting: University and foundation hospitals. Subjects: Ten obese men and 10 premenopausal obese women. Interventions: Five men and five women took 800 kcal=day LCD and another five men and five women took 1400 kcal=day balanced deficit diet (BDD) during 4 weeks. Results: Plasma leptin levels in the LCD group decreased more markedly (46.2 AE 14.6 to 13.2 AE 3.6 ng=ml) than that expected for the decrement in percentage fat (39.0 AE 1.7 to 35.9 AE 1.7%) and body mass index (BMI; 35.4 AE 2.4 to 33.1 AE 2.2 kg=m 2 ), while that in the BDD group did not decrease significantly (14.9 AE 3.5 to 13.4 AE 2.8 ng=ml). The ratio of the decrease in leptin levels to that of BMI during the first week was significantly greater than that during the following 3 weeks (39.5 AE 2.7 vs 29.3 AE 2.1%, P ¼ 0.017). The plasma insulin and T3 levels also fell substantially in the first week and continued to decrease during the entire course. Plasma leptin levels measured weekly in each subject were correlated well with insulin (r ¼ 0.586, P ¼ 0.0003) and T3 (r ¼ 0.785, P ¼ 0.0004). Multiple regression analyses after adjustment for the time course and BMI revealed that serum levels of T3 were independently correlated with plasma leptin levels (r ¼ 0.928, P < 0.0001). The plasma NEFA level was markedly elevated during the first 2 weeks and decreased thereafter. Conclusions: A rapid fall in leptin during the first week of LCD, coordinated by insulin, T3 and NEFA, should be beneficial for responding to decreased energy intake. Inversely, in view of the powerful effect of leptin on energy dissipation, the present findings suggest the potential usefulness of leptin in combination with caloric restriction for the treatment of obesity.

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“…24 Several pediatric studies have not reported an association between resistin or adiponectin and weight status, leptin or insulin concentrations. 8,25,26 In adults, circulating leptin predictably rises after overfeeding 27 and falls after fasting. 28 However, whether specific macronutrients alter serum leptin concentrations independent of energy intake is equivocal.…”

Section: Hypertension Insulin Resistance Resistin and Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

Zimmermann

Aeberli

2008

Int J Obes

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Objective: To review and summarize the dietary determinants of the metabolic syndrome, subclinical inflammation and dyslipidemia in overweight children. Design: Review of the current literature, focusing on pediatric studies. Participants: Normal weight, overweight, or obese children and adolescents. Results: There is a growing literature on the metabolic effects of excess body fat during childhood. However, few pediatric studies have examined the dietary determinants of obesity-related metabolic disturbances. From the available data, it appears that dietary factors are not only important environmental determinants of adiposity, but also may affect components of the metabolic syndrome and modulate the actions of adipokines. Dietary total fat and saturated fat are associated with insulin resistance and high blood pressure, as well as obesity-related inflammation. In contrast to studies in adults, resistin and adiponectin do not appear to be closely linked to insulin resistance or dyslipidemia in childhood. However, circulating leptin and retinol-binding protein (RBP) 4 correlate well with obesity, central obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children. Intakes of antioxidant vitamins tend to be low in obese children and may be predictors of subclinical inflammation. Higher fructose intake from sweets and sweetened drinks in overweight children has been linked to decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. Conclusions: Dietary interventions aimed at reducing intakes of total fat, saturated fat and free fructose, whereas increasing antioxidant vitamin intake may be beneficial in overweight children. More research on the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. International Journal of Obesity (2008) 32, S11-S18; doi:10. 1038/ijo.2008.202 Keywords: child; metabolic syndrome; diet; inflammation; adipokine IntroductionIn both industrialized and non-industrialized countries, the prevalence of pediatric obesity is increasing. 1 Dietary factors are environmental determinants of adiposity, as well as components of the metabolic syndrome, and may modulate the actions of adipokines. Better understanding of the relationships between dietary factors and the metabolic changes of pediatric obesity may help to identify the dietary changes to reduce health risks. Hypertension, insulin resistance, resistin and adiponectinPediatric obesity is an important risk factor for adult hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and approximately one third of obese children are hypertensive and/or hyperinsulinemic. 2,3 The adipocyte-derived hormones resistin, adiponectin and leptin may play a role in the development of hypertension and/or insulin resistance. 4-7 Among children, inverse associations of adiponectin or resistin with body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance have been reported, 8 but not all studies agree. 9 Studies on diet in childhood hypertension have mainly focused on sodium or calcium intake, rather than macr...

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Response of leptin to short-term and prolonged overfeeding in humans.

Cited by 221 publications

References 21 publications

Diet Determines Features of the Metabolic Syndrome in 6- to 14-Year-Old Children

Diet Determines Features of the Metabolic Syndrome in 6- to 14-Year-Old Children

Clinical implications of leptin and its potential humoral regulators in long-term low-calorie diet therapy for obese humans

Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review

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