Response of Land Configuration and Deficit Irrigation on Growth and Yield Attributes of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Influence of Planting and Irrigation Levels as Physical Methods on Maize Root Morphological Traits, Grain Yield and Water Productivity in Semi-Arid Region

“…While the lack of optimum soil moisture can affects the growth and development of roots, and grain yield [32,[44][45][46]. Likewise, irrigation at 60% depletion under the BBF method adversely affected the leaf area (16.46%), cob weight (23.72%), uptake of nutrients such as N, P, and K in maize compared to 40% depletion under DWF [21,47]. Therefore, a higher maize grain and stover yield can be obtained from the DWF and SNF method of planting with allowable moisture depletion (I 40 and I 50 ).…”

“…Maize sown on ridges resulted in higher grain yield (5.45 t ha −1 ) and water use efficiency (WUE, 1.34 kg m −3 ) compared to crops under flat (4.86 t ha −1 and 1.22 kg m −3 , respectively) and bed-sown (5.13 t ha −1 and 1.28 kg m −3 , respectively) systems in a sandy clay loam soil [10]. Likewise, greater yield (7.8 t ha −1 ) and phosphorus uptake (37.5 kg ha −1 ) in maize planted on shallow furrows were found compared with that in a bed system (6.5 t ha −1 and 30.1 kg ha −1 , respectively) in a clay soil [21]. Higher N content (1.24%), N uptake by the stem (90.39 kg ha −1 ) and grains of sorghum (34.39 kg ha −1 ) were found with ridge and furrow methods as compared to the flat bed method in medium black soils of Dharwad [22].…”

“…Further, the growth and yield of a crop is dependent on the interaction of many field management practices. Presently, irrespective of crop needs, deep and wider furrow irrigation (WUE 30-50%) is the common practice in maize growing regions, although water shortage is prevailing, and this has led to higher seasonal water consumption [16,21]. Therefore, a study was initiated on regulated water applications and planting methods in a semi-arid region of Karnataka, which is one of the leading maize-producing (17.6% of production) states in India, with 34.4% of its area under irrigation [34].…”

Assessment of Planting Method and Deficit Irrigation Impacts on Physio-Morphology, Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize (Zea mays L.) on Vertisols of Semi-Arid Tropics

“…Different agronomic practices (i.e., planting methods and irrigation scheduling) may influence maize WUE by influencing plant physiological traits and yield [10,11]. Previous studies have also shown that changes in management practices such as planting methods and the level of irrigation have influenced maize growth, water and nutrient use efficiency, and grain yield [12][13][14][15]. Therefore, appropriate agronomic management practices are required to reduce water loss and increase WUE.…”

“…The planting method also conserves the soil moisture, increases plant water availability, improves crop growth, and yield [25][26][27]. The modified furrow method of planting resulted in a higher seed yield and a maximum WUE of black gram in the semi-arid tropics [28,29].…”