Response of juvenile coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) and steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) to the addition of salmon carcasses to two streams in southwestern Washington, U.S.A.

Bilby, Robert E.; Fransen, Brian R.; Bisson, Peter A.; Walter, Jason K.

doi:10.1139/f98-094

Cited by 182 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

213

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous research has also found a positive effect of spawning salmon nutrients on juvenile salmonids, with the majority of studies utilizing experimental carcass additions. For example, carcass addition positively affected juvenile coho salmon body condition (Bilby et al 1998, juvenile coho salmon mass and body size (Wipfli et al 2003), juvenile coho salmon growth (Lang et al 2006, Giannico and Hinch 2007, and biomass of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Williams et al 2009). On the other hand, two studies did not find positive effects of carcass addition on juvenile cutthroat trout and steelhead: specific growth rate was less with carcasses than without (Wilzbach et al 2005) and growth did not change with carcass addition (Harvey and Wilzbach 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of spawning salmon increased energy intake of juvenile rainbow trout (Scheuerell et al 2007), and coho salmon (Heintz et al 2004, Armstrong et al 2010. Furthermore, nutrients from spawning salmon have been linked to improved condition and growth rate of juvenile coho in a number of carcass addition experiments (e.g., Bilby et al 1998. However, bioturbation during redd-digging could also reduce food availability through reduced invertebrate biomass .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of subsidies from spawning chum and pink salmon on juvenile coho salmon body size and migration timing

Nelson

Reynolds

2015

Ecosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Organisms transporting nutrients from highly productive ecosystems can subsidize food webs and alter ecosystem processes. For example, the carcasses and eggs of migratory Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) provide a high-quality food source that could potentially benefit other species of salmon rearing in fresh water. We investigated relationships between spawning chum (O. keta) and pink (O. gorbuscha) salmon density, and the body size and age of juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch) in 17 streams on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada. Chum salmon density was the most consistently important and positive correlate of coho body size, in comparison with pink salmon density, juvenile coho salmon density, and numerous characteristics of habitats. This was shown by comparisons both among and within streams, and between sites above and below natural barriers to spawning chum and pink salmon. In addition, streams that had higher chum and pink salmon spawning densities had a higher proportion of age 0 coho (less age 1), suggesting earlier juvenile coho salmon migration to the ocean with increased spawning salmon nutrient availability. Most of the coho salmon sampled had little or no direct contact with spawning chum and pink salmon, which suggests an indirect, time-delayed influence on coho salmon body size.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of subsidies from spawning chum and pink salmon on juvenile coho salmon body size and migration timing

Nelson

Reynolds

2015

Ecosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, contemporary evidence suggests that ecosystem structure alone does not necessarily reflect how it functions in supporting life. For example, field experiments in the US Pacific Northwest have shown that trophic manipulations (e.g., nutrient additions or salmon carcass introductions) that boost the abundance of potential prey organisms also boost subsequent fish growth (7)(8)(9)(10). In contrast, restoration of physical habitats by creating pools or adding structures yields ambiguous evidence that such efforts increase subsequent fish abundance and biomass (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a broader scientific foundation for river restoration: Columbia River food webs

Naiman

Alldredge

Beauchamp

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Well-functioning food webs are fundamental for sustaining rivers as ecosystems and maintaining associated aquatic and terrestrial communities. The current emphasis on restoring habitat structure-without explicitly considering food webs-has been less successful than hoped in terms of enhancing the status of targeted species and often overlooks important constraints on ecologically effective restoration. We identify three priority food web-related issues that potentially impede successful river restoration: uncertainty about habitat carrying capacity, proliferation of chemicals and contaminants, and emergence of hybrid food webs containing a mixture of native and invasive species. Additionally, there is the need to place these food web considerations in a broad temporal and spatial framework by understanding the consequences of altered nutrient, organic matter (energy), water, and thermal sources and flows, reconnecting critical habitats and their food webs, and restoring for changing environments. As an illustration, we discuss how the Columbia River Basin, site of one of the largest aquatic/riparian restoration programs in the United States, would benefit from implementing a food web perspective. A food web perspective for the Columbia River would complement ongoing approaches and enhance the ability to meet the vision and legal obligations of the US Endangered Species Act, the Northwest Power Act (Fish and Wildlife Program), and federal treaties with Northwest Indian Tribes while meeting fundamental needs for improved river management.

show abstract

“…This is typically accomplished by artificially adding salmon carcasses into the stream system during fall or winter (spawning) periods. The addition of MDN in this manner has been shown to have positive effects on the instream food web, salmonid juvenile survival, and on riparian forest health (Willson and Halpuka 1995;Bilby et al 1998;Naiman et al 2002;Schindler et al 2003;Wipfli et al 2003). Consideration should be given to the addition of salmon carcasses (MDN) into streams in the upper Grays River watershed.…”

Section: Riparian Corridor Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grays River Watershed and Biological Assessment, 2006 Final Report.

May¹,

Geist

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryThe Grays River Watershed and Biological Assessment was funded to address degradation and loss of spawning habitat for chum salmon (Onchorhynchus keta) and fall Chinook salmon (Onchoryhnchus tshawytscha). In 1999, the National Marine Fisheries Service listed lower Columbia River chum salmon as a threatened Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). The Grays River watershed is one of two remaining significant chum salmon spawning locations in this ESU. Runs of Grays River chum and Chinook salmon have declined significantly during the past century, largely because of damage to spawning habitat associated with timber harvest and agriculture in the watershed. In addition, approximately 20-25% of the then-remaining chum salmon spawning habitat was lost during a 1999 channel avulsion that destroyed an important artificial spawning channel operated by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Although the lack of stable, high-quality spawning habitat is considered the primary physical limitation on Grays River chum salmon production today, few data are available to guide watershed management and channel restoration activities. The objectives of the Grays River Watershed and Biological Assessment project were to 1) perform a comprehensive watershed and biological analysis, including hydrologic, geomorphic, and ecological assessments; 2) develop a prioritized list of actions that protect and restore critical chum and Chinook salmon spawning habitat in the Grays River based on comprehensive geomorphic, hydrologic, and stream channel assessments; and 3) gain a better understanding of chum and Chinook salmon habitat requirements and survival within the lower Columbia River and the Grays River.The watershed-based approach to river ecosystem restoration relies on a conceptual framework that describes general relationships between natural landscape characteristics, watershed-scale habitat-forming processes, aquatic habitat conditions, and biological integrity. In addition, human land-use impacts are factored into the conceptual model because they can alter habitat quality and can disrupt natural habitatforming processes. In this model (Figure S.1), aquatic habitat-both instream and riparian-is viewed as the link between watershed conditions and biologic responses. Based on this conceptual model, assessment of habitat loss and the resultant declines in salmonid populations can be conducted by relating current and historical (e.g., natural) habitat conditions to salmonid utilization, diversity, and abundance. In addition, assessing disrupted ecosystem functions and processes within the watershed can aid in identifying the causes of habitat change and the associated decline in biological integrity. In this same way, restoration, enhancement, and conservation projects can be identified and prioritized.A watershed assessment is primarily a landscape-scale evaluation of current watershed conditions and the associated hydrogeomorphic riverine processes. The watershed ass...

show abstract

Response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to the addition of salmon carcasses to two streams in southwestern Washington, U.S.A.

Cited by 182 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of subsidies from spawning chum and pink salmon on juvenile coho salmon body size and migration timing

Effects of subsidies from spawning chum and pink salmon on juvenile coho salmon body size and migration timing

Developing a broader scientific foundation for river restoration: Columbia River food webs

Grays River Watershed and Biological Assessment, 2006 Final Report.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About