Response ofTuta absoluta(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to Different Pheromone Emission Levels in Greenhouse Tomato Crops

Abstract

The response of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to different emission rates of its pheromone, (3E, 8Z, 11Z)-tetradecatrienyl acetate, was measured in two greenhouse trials with traps baited with mesoporous dispensers. For this purpose, weekly moth trap catches were correlated with increasing pheromone emission levels by multiple regression analysis. Pheromone release profiles of the dispensers were obtained by residual pheromone extraction and gas chromatography quantification. In the first trial carried out in summer 2010, effect of pheromone emission was significant as catches increased linearly with pheromone release rates up to the highest studied level of 46.8 μg/d. A new trial was carried out in spring 2011 to measure the effect of the emission factor when pheromone release rates were higher. Results demonstrated that trap catches and pheromone emission fitted to a quadratic model, with maximum catches obtained with a release level of 150.3 μg/d of (3E, 8Z, 11Z)-tetradecatrienyl acetate. This emission value should provide enhanced attraction of T. absoluta and improve mass trapping, attract-and-kill, or monitoring techniques under greenhouse conditions in the Mediterranean area.

Lures for red palm weevil trapping systems: aggregation pheromone and synthetic kairomone

“…Instead, the trend fitted a logarithmic model in which captures increase rapidly with emission rate up to a threshold (4–5 mg day −1 ) and then slow down, reaching a plateau. Thus, trap catches are not reduced above an optimum emission rate, as described for the response to sex pheromones in other insect orders, such as Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera . Lack of optimum pheromone release rate has already been described for the related species Rhynchophorus palmarum L., the South American palm weevil.…”

Control Measures AgainstRhynchophorus ferrugineusandPaysandisia archon

“…Instead, the trend fitted a logarithmic model in which captures increase rapidly with emission rate up to a threshold (4-5 mg day −1 ) and then slow down, reaching a plateau. Thus, trap catches are not reduced above an optimum emission rate, as described for the response to sex pheromones in other insect orders, such as Lepidoptera, 22 Diptera 14 and Hemiptera. 11 Lack of optimum pheromone release rate has already been described for the related species Rhynchophorus palmarum L., the South American palm weevil.…”

Integrated pest management of Tuta absoluta: practical implementations across different world regions

“…In an early field experiment, pheromone traps baited with 100 ^g of TDTA were shown to catch on average 1200 males per trap per night, while less than a hundred of individuals were caught in the control (Ferrara et al 2001). Under greenhouse conditions, catches were shown to increase linearly with pheromone release rates, until reaching a maximum number of captured individuals achieved with traps releasing 150 ^g of TDTA per day (Vacas et al 2013). The pheromone release rate is affected by a variety of factors, including the pheromone packaging and the dispenser itself.…”