Response of Guinea Pig to Sublethal X-Irradiation and Live Tularemia Vaccine

Nutter, John E.; Eigelsbach, Henry T.

doi:10.3181/00379727-124-31972

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Mice in -7to -10-day irradiation groups demonstrated significant but low-level protection against virulent virus by day 7, and when immunization with TC-83 was delayed until 14 days after irradiation, resistance developed at essentially the same rate as in nonirradiated mice. By 21 days postvaccination, essentially all mice, regardless of vaccination group, survived challenge with VE-1 virus. Onset of TC-83 viremia was detected in all groups of mice within 1 day postinoculation, but duration of viremia was greatly prolonged in groups vaccinated 0 to 7 days postirradiation ( Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interaction of radiation effects and host responses to vaccines prepared from attenuated microorganisms is of particular interest. Certainly the enhanced susceptibility of irradiated animals to infection with nonpathogenic organisms is well documented (3,16,20,21), and it is recognized that attenuation of a virulent strain is only relative; i.e., virulence may be reduced for a selected animal species or age group. For example, an attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus, TC-83, derived by 83 cell culture passages of VE-1, which has been demonstrated to be safe and effective for immunization of healthy human subjects (1,17) and Equidae (27,28), is likewise avirulent for 21-day-old mice but lethal for suckling mice and will kill 5 to 20% of hamsters regardless of age (22,35).…”

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Response of irradiated mice to live-virus (TC-83) immunization

Spertzel¹,

Hilmas²,

Brown³

et al. 1975

Infect Immun

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Studies were conducted to determine the effects of sublethal, acute, total-body irradiation (600 R) on the immune response of mice to a replicating antigen. Irradiation was performed at varying times (O to 21 days) prior to immunization with attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, TC-83. Development of protective immunity was studied by inoculating subgroups of irradiated mice with virulent Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus on days 1 through 28 after immunization. Irradiation failed to affect the overt clinical response of mice inoculated with the attenuated strain, but antibody responses and the onset of protective immunity was delayed, particularly in mice irradiated 2 h to 3 days prior to vaccination. Immunity afforded by TC-83 developed more rapidly as the interval between irradiation and vaccination increased: when this interval was 14 or more days, the temporal course of immune response in irradiated mice was similar to that of nonirradiated vaccinees. Persistence of TC-83 viremia was greatly prolonged in irradiated mice throughout the irradiation recovery period and probably provided the antigenic stimulus responsible for delayed development of effective immunity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of irradiated mice to live-virus (TC-83) immunization

Spertzel¹,

Hilmas²,

Brown³

et al. 1975

Infect Immun

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Virulence ofFrancisellaspp. in Chicken Embryos

Nix¹,

Cheung²,

Wang

et al. 2006

Infect Immun

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We examined the utility of infecting chicken embryos as a means of evaluating the virulence of different Francisella sp. strains and mutants. Infection of 7-day-old chicken embryos with a low dose of F. novicida or F. tularensis subsp. holarctica live vaccine strain (LVS) resulted in sustained growth for 6 days. Different doses of these two organisms were used to inoculate chicken embryos to determine the time to death. These experiments showed that wild-type F. novicida was at least 10,000-fold more virulent than the LVS strain. We also examined the virulence of several attenuated mutants of F. novicida, and they were found to have a wide range of virulence in chicken embryos. Fluorescent microscopic examination of infected chicken embryo organs revealed that F. tularensis grew in scattered foci of infections, and in all cases the F. tularensis appeared to be growing intracellularly. These results demonstrate that infection of 7-day-old chicken embryos can be used to evaluate the virulence of attenuated F. tularensis strains.

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Response of Guinea Pig to Sublethal X-Irradiation and Live Tularemia Vaccine

Cited by 2 publications

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Response of irradiated mice to live-virus (TC-83) immunization

Response of irradiated mice to live-virus (TC-83) immunization

Virulence ofFrancisellaspp. in Chicken Embryos

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