Response of Franz Josef Glacier Ka Roimata o Hine Hukatere to climate change

Modeling Glacier Elevation Change from DEM Time Series

“…Both glaciers were here chosen as case studies due to their short reaction times and thus potentially nonlinear elevation development, and due to the good availability of ASTER stereo data. Franz Josef and Fox Glaciers are very maritime with assumed precipitation rates of up to 12 m· w.e.a −1 [19][20][21][22]. Ablation at the tongues is substantial at all seasons with a mean summer ablation of ~130 mm· d −1 and a mean winter ablation of ~20 mm· d −1 , i.e., several tens of meters as annual sum [23].…”

“…Ablation at the tongues is substantial at all seasons with a mean summer ablation of ~130 mm· d −1 and a mean winter ablation of ~20 mm· d −1 , i.e., several tens of meters as annual sum [23]. The two glaciers are believed to react especially sensitive to temperature variations, with reaction and response times of only around 3-4 and 10-20 years, respectively [22][23][24]. Glacier elevation close to the tongues is able to change by many tens of meters within just a few years, and lateral terminus position by several hundred meters [15,25].…”

Twenty-First Century Calving Retreat of Tasman Glacier, Southern Alps, New Zealand

“…Unlike the continual retreat recorded at Tasman Glacier, the Fox and Franz Josef Glaciers have undergone a number of retreat/advance phases, with the most recent advance culminating in 2008 (Anderson et al 2008;Purdie et al 2008Purdie et al , 2013. During these cycles, the terminus position of the glaciers can vary by as much as 1 km ( Figure 4).…”

The application of glacier inventory data for estimating past climate change effects on mountain glaciers: A comparison between the European Alps and the Southern Alps of New Zealand

“…Aletsch 1859-60, Gorner 1859-65 and Unt. Grindelwald 1820-22, see Holzhauser et al, 2005) and for New Zealand, recent datings (Winkler, 2004) and studies at Franz Joseph glacier (Anderson, 2003) have shown that maximum LIA glacier extension was at the end of the 18th century, but that there was only minor glacier retreat to the end of the 19th century. Therefore, here the time of LIA maximum is arbitrarily set at 1850 AD although there are numerous cases where different dates for the maximum extents have been found.…”