Response of distant regions affected by diaschisis commissuralis in one of the most common models of transient focal ischemia in rats

Bona, Martin; Hvizdošová, Natália; Jachova, Jana; Bonova, Petra; Kluchová, Darina

doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101666

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…To examine whether aerobic exercise therapy reduces lipid peroxidation injury, the levels of enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), GSH, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated using different test kits in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (Nanjing Jian Cheng Bioengineering Institute). For biochemical analysis, regions corresponding to the penumbra from the right (ipsilateral) were dissected according to previous studies [ 22 , 23 ]. The penumbra (adjacent cortex) was separated from the core by transverse diagonal cuts at approximately the “2 o'clock” and “5 o'clock” positions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treadmill Training Reduces Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis through Activation of SLC7A11/GPX4

Liu

Cui

Dong

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The mechanism by which exercise training attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, especially in the regulation of iron level in neuronal damage, has not been systematically studied. Here, we showed that treadmill training inhibited ferroptosis after I/R injury in rats. Modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) test showed that the motor function, reflex, and balance abilities in the I/R injury rats after treadmill intervention were significantly improved. Treadmill training decreased the level of lipid peroxides in the cerebral cortex of ischemic rats. We found that the protein levels of ferroptosis-related proteins including nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), cystine/glutamate reverse transporter (SLC7A11), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) were decreased in rats after cerebral I/R injury, while treadmill training prevented the reduction of these proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrated that erastin- (a ferroptosis activator-) induced downregulation of SLC7A11 reversed the neuroprotective effect of treadmill training. This study provides the first evidence suggesting that treadmill training suppresses ferroptosis by activating the SLC7A11/GPx4 pathway, thereby protecting against cerebral I/R injury.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treadmill Training Reduces Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis through Activation of SLC7A11/GPX4

Liu

Cui

Dong

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…The authors suggested the possibility that microglia from the contralateral hemisphere migrated to the ischemic lesion. They also observed a decrease in early neuronal NO content in the contralateral regions homologic to the necrotic core, and an increase in the number of degenerating Fluoro-Jade-positive neurons from the first to the seventh day after ischemia ( Bona et al, 2019 ). The post-ischemic response of regions with preserved adult neurogenesis was also investigated.…”

Section: The Post-ischemic Response In Specific Structures Of the Rem...mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Phototrombotic model of MCA blockage causes reproducible infarcts involving the parietal cortex in all its layers ( Dihne et al, 2002 ; Reichmann et al, 2002 ; Schroeter et al, 2002 ; Haupt et al, 2007 ; Karetko-Sysa et al, 2011 ); other special types of phototrombotic models may cause necrosis for example in the caudoputamen ( Kuroiwa et al, 2009 ). The striatum and cortex are consistently affected by the MCA occlusion (MCAO) in its proximal section using the Longa method ( Tanaka et al, 2001 ; van Groen et al, 2005 ; Melani et al, 2006 ; Justicia et al, 2008 ; Bona et al, 2019 ) although the size may vary ( Arlicot et al, 2010 ). On the other hand, the outcome of the proximal MCAO according to Koizumi, seems to be dependent on the duration of blood flow cessation.…”

Section: Definition Of the Terms Ischemic Core Penumbra And Remote Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apoptosis of neurons does not seem to occur in the remote cortex ( Karetko-Sysa et al, 2011 ), yet this does not mean that cells are not impacted. For example, some researchers observed neurodegeneration in the remote ipsilateral cortex ( Chen et al, 2014 ; Bona et al, 2019 ), although others claim no such damage was seen in their samples ( Melani et al, 2006 ; Karetko-Sysa et al, 2011 ). It can be hypothesized that these different results might be attributed to the different time of post-stroke tissue evaluation ( Minassian et al, 2019 ) or the type of an ischemic model (permanent versus reversible MCAO), where reperfusion can lead to more severe injury by the rapid burst release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( Peters, 2006 ).…”

Section: The Post-ischemic Response In Specific Structures Of the Rem...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The edema is thought to spread gradually from the place of ischemia, which can explain the earlier swelling in the ipsilateral hemisphere ( Izumi et al, 2002 ). It was hypothesized, that the edematic tissue in the intracranial cavity has no extra space to expand and starts to compress the adjacent capillaries ( Bona et al, 2019 ). The blood pressure is therefore insufficient to nourish the tissues and mild local ischemia occurs.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Remote Post-ischemic Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Out of the core: the impact of focal ischemia in regions beyond the penumbra

Koukalova,

Chmelova,

Amlerova

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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The changes in the necrotic core and the penumbra following induction of focal ischemia have been the focus of attention for some time. However, evidence shows, that ischemic injury is not confined to the primarily affected structures and may influence the remote areas as well. Yet many studies fail to probe into the structures beyond the penumbra, and possibly do not even find any significant results due to their short-term design, as secondary damage occurs later. This slower reaction can be perceived as a therapeutic opportunity, in contrast to the ischemic core defined as irreversibly damaged tissue, where the window for salvation is comparatively short. The pathologies in remote structures occur relatively frequently and are clearly linked to the post-stroke neurological outcome. In order to develop efficient therapies, a deeper understanding of what exactly happens in the exo-focal regions is necessary. The mechanisms of glia contribution to the ischemic damage in core/penumbra are relatively well described and include impaired ion homeostasis, excessive cell swelling, glutamate excitotoxic mechanism, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytosis or damage propagation via astrocytic syncytia. However, little is known about glia involvement in post-ischemic processes in remote areas. In this literature review, we discuss the definitions of the terms “ischemic core”, “penumbra” and “remote areas.” Furthermore, we present evidence showing the array of structural and functional changes in the more remote regions from the primary site of focal ischemia, with a special focus on glia and the extracellular matrix. The collected information is compared with the processes commonly occurring in the ischemic core or in the penumbra. Moreover, the possible causes of this phenomenon and the approaches for investigation are described, and finally, we evaluate the efficacy of therapies, which have been studied for their anti-ischemic effect in remote areas in recent years.

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Brain to blood efflux as a mechanism underlying the neuroprotection mediated by rapid remote preconditioning in brain ischemia

et al. 2020

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Response of distant regions affected by diaschisis commissuralis in one of the most common models of transient focal ischemia in rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Treadmill Training Reduces Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis through Activation of SLC7A11/GPX4

Treadmill Training Reduces Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis through Activation of SLC7A11/GPX4

Out of the core: the impact of focal ischemia in regions beyond the penumbra

Brain to blood efflux as a mechanism underlying the neuroprotection mediated by rapid remote preconditioning in brain ischemia

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