Response of dissolved oxygen and related marine ecological parameters to a tropical cyclone in the South China Sea

Lin, Jingrou; Tang, Danling; Alpers, Werner; Wang, Sufen

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2014.01.005

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Overall, consistent with temperature and chlorophyll responses, dissolved oxygen response was comparatively lower in magnitude during the TC Vardah as compared with the dissolved oxygen response during the TC Hudhud period. Similar enhancement of oxygen observation in response to increasing chlorophyll concentration due to a TC in the South China Sea was reported by J. Lin et al (). The entrainment of oxygen from the overlying air due to the strong winds can lead to the enhancement of dissolved oxygen in the near‐surface layer.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Quantifying Tropical Cyclone's Effect on the Biogeochemical Processes Using Profiling Float Observations in the Bay of Bengal

et al. 2019

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Physical and biogeochemical observations from an autonomous profiling Argo float in the Bay of Bengal show significant changes in upper ocean structure during the passage of tropical cyclone (TC) Hudhud (7–14 October 2014). TC Hudhud mixed water from a depth of about 50 m into the surface layers through a combination of upwelling and turbulent mixing. Mixing was extended into the depth of nutricline, the oxycline, and the subsurface‐chlorophyll‐maximum and thus had a strong impact on the biogeochemistry of the upper ocean. Before the storm, the near‐surface layer was nutrient depleted and was thus oligotrophic with the chlorophyll‐a concentration of less than 0.15 mg/m3. Storm mixing initially increased the chlorophyll by 1.4 mg/m3, increased the surface nitrate concentration to about 6.6 μM/kg, and decreased the subsurface dissolved oxygen (30–35 m) to 31% of saturation (140 μM). These conditions were favorable for phytoplankton growth resulting in an estimated increase in primary productivity averaging 1.5 g C·m−2·day−1 over 15 days. During this bloom, chlorophyll‐a increased by 3.6 mg/m3, and dissolved oxygen increased from 111% to 123% of saturation. Similar observations during TC Vardah (6–12 December 2016) showed much less mixing. Our analysis suggests that relatively small (high) translation speed and the presence of cold (warm) core eddy leads to strong (weak) oceanic response during TC Hudhud (TC Vardah). Thus, although cyclones can cause strong biogeochemical responses in the Bay of Bengal, the strength of response depends on the properties of the storm and the prevailing upper ocean structure such as the presence of mesoscale eddies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Quantifying Tropical Cyclone's Effect on the Biogeochemical Processes Using Profiling Float Observations in the Bay of Bengal

et al. 2019

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“…Each year tropical cyclones (TCs) visit both the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean and the Bay of Bengal (BoB)-a semienclosed sea in the north Indian Ocean. TCs were found to have much influence on the marine environment, such as cooling of sea surface temperature (SST) [8][9], increase of dissolved oxygen concentration [10][11] and increase of chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration both at the surface and subsurface [9,[12][13] due to the 'wind-pump' effects induced by TCs [13][14][15]. The amplitude of the surface cooling strongly depends on the initial upper-ocean conditions such as mixed layer depth (MLD) and stratification in the thermocline along with intensity and translation speed of TC [8,[16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of pCO2 concentrations induced by tropical cyclones “Wind-Pump” in the middle-latitude surface oceans: A comparative study

Morozov

Tang

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The Bermuda Testbed Mooring (BTM) and Bay of Bengal Ocean Acidification (BOBOA) mooring measurements were used to identify changes in the partial pressure of CO 2 at the sea surface (pCO 2sea) and air-sea CO 2 fluxes (F CO2) associated with passage of two tropical cyclones (TCs), Florence and Hudhud. TC Florence passed about 165 km off the BTM mooring site with strong wind speeds of 24.8 m s-1 and translation speed of 7.23 m s-1. TC Hudhud passed about 178 km off the BOBOA mooring site with wind speeds of 14.0 m s-1 and translation speed of 2.58 m s-1. The present study examined the effect of temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), air-sea CO 2 flux, and phytoplankton chlorophyll a change on pCO 2sea as a response to TCs. Enhanced mixed layer depths were observed due to TCs-induced vertical mixing at both mooring sites. Decreased pCO 2sea (-15.16±5.60 μatm) at the BTM mooring site and enhanced pCO 2sea (14.81 ±7.03 μatm) at the BOBOA mooring site were observed after the passage of Florence and Hudhud, respectively. Both DIC and TA are strongly correlated with salinity in the upper layer of the isothermal layer depth (ILD). Strong (weak) vertical gradient in salinity is accompanied by strong (weak) vertical gradients in DIC and TA. Strong vertical salinity gradient in the upper layer of the ILD (0.031 psu m-1), that supply much salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity from the thermocline was the cause of the increased pCO 2sea in the BOBOA mooring water. Weak vertical salinity gradient in the upper layer of the ILD (0.003 psu m-1) was responsible for decreasing pCO 2sea in the BTM mooring water. The results of this study showed that the vertical salinity gradient in the upper layer of the ILD is a good indicator of the pCO 2sea variation after the passages of TCs.

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“…tropical cyclones during the summer time [4]. Tropical cyclones have important "Wind Pump" impact on transporting and increasing the surface and subsurface Chl-a in oligotrophic ocean waters [5][6][7][8] through uplifting the nutrients by strong vertical mixing, upwelling, entrainment, as well as near inertial wave on the upper ocean layer, especially on the right-hand side of the storm track in the Northern Hemisphere [2,9,10]. Typhoons with slower translation speeds and stronger wind speeds have greater impact on Chl-a and the translation speeds play the more crucial role [4,11].…”

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“…Tropical cyclones can also induce cyclone eddies (or reduce anti-cyclone eddies), and these eddy-pumping upwelling can further increase the surface and subsurface Chl-a [4,12]. These typhoon wind-driven physical processes and air-sea exchanges that subsequently affect the ocean's ecological status is defined as the "Wind Pump" [2,4,7,8,10,11].Biochemical conditions are essential in affecting the Chl-a through affecting its carbon/chlorophyll ratios [1,13]. Upwelling of the nutrient-rich waters from the deeper layer is the principal source of nutrients fueling the phytoplankton especially over the oligotrophic ocean like the NSCS [1,4].…”

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Chlorophyll Concentration Response to the Typhoon Wind-Pump Induced Upper Ocean Processes Considering Air–Sea Heat Exchange

2019

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The typhoon Wind-Pump induced upwelling and cold eddy often promote the significant growth of phytoplankton after the typhoon. However, the importance of eddy-pumping and wind-driven upwelling on the sea surface chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a) during the typhoon are still not clearly distinguished. In addition, the air-sea heat flux exchange is closely related to the upper ocean processes, but few studies have discussed its role in the sea surface Chl-a variations under typhoon conditions. Based on the cruise data, remote sensing data, and model data, this paper analyzes the contribution of the vertical motion caused by the eddy-pumping upwelling and Ekman pumping upwelling on the surface Chl-a, and quantitatively analyzes the influence of air-sea heat exchange on the surface Chl-a after the typhoon Linfa over the northeastern South China Sea (NSCS) in 2009. The results reveal the Wind Pump impacts on upper ocean processes: (1) The euphotic layer-integrated Chl-a increased after the typhoon, and the increasing of the surface Chl-a was not only the uplift of the deeper waters with high Chl-a but also the growth of the phytoplankton; (2) The Net Heat Flux (air-sea heat exchange) played a major role in controlling the upper ocean physical processes through cooling the SST and indirectly increased the surface Chl-a until two weeks after the typhoon; (3) the typhoon-induced cyclonic eddy was the most important physical process in increasing the surface Chl-a rather than the Ekman pumping and wind-stirring mixing after typhoon; (4) the spatial shift between the surface Chl-a blooms and the typhoon-induced cyclonic eddy could be due to the Ekman transport; (5) nutrients uplifting and adequate light were two major biochemical elements supplying for the growth of surface phytoplankton. tropical cyclones during the summer time [4]. Tropical cyclones have important "Wind Pump" impact on transporting and increasing the surface and subsurface Chl-a in oligotrophic ocean waters [5][6][7][8] through uplifting the nutrients by strong vertical mixing, upwelling, entrainment, as well as near inertial wave on the upper ocean layer, especially on the right-hand side of the storm track in the Northern Hemisphere [2,9,10]. Typhoons with slower translation speeds and stronger wind speeds have greater impact on Chl-a and the translation speeds play the more crucial role [4,11]. Tropical cyclones can also induce cyclone eddies (or reduce anti-cyclone eddies), and these eddy-pumping upwelling can further increase the surface and subsurface Chl-a [4,12]. These typhoon wind-driven physical processes and air-sea exchanges that subsequently affect the ocean's ecological status is defined as the "Wind Pump" [2,4,7,8,10,11].Biochemical conditions are essential in affecting the Chl-a through affecting its carbon/chlorophyll ratios [1,13]. Upwelling of the nutrient-rich waters from the deeper layer is the principal source of nutrients fueling the phytoplankton especially over the oligotrophic ocean like the NSCS [1,4]. The nitrogen is the maj...

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Response of dissolved oxygen and related marine ecological parameters to a tropical cyclone in the South China Sea

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Quantifying Tropical Cyclone's Effect on the Biogeochemical Processes Using Profiling Float Observations in the Bay of Bengal

Quantifying Tropical Cyclone's Effect on the Biogeochemical Processes Using Profiling Float Observations in the Bay of Bengal

Variation of pCO2 concentrations induced by tropical cyclones “Wind-Pump” in the middle-latitude surface oceans: A comparative study

Chlorophyll Concentration Response to the Typhoon Wind-Pump Induced Upper Ocean Processes Considering Air–Sea Heat Exchange

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