Response of Copepods to Elevated pCO2 and Environmental Copper as Co-Stressors – A Multigenerational Study

Fitzer, Susan C.; Caldwell, Gary S.; Clare, Anthony S.; Upstill‐Goddard, Robert C.; Bentley, M. G.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071257

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…However, while this maintenance of cellular homoeostasis allows acclimatization to environmental fluctuations, it comes with an energetic cost. Animals experiencing significant environmental changes must alter their energy distribution to accommodate these changes, and during unfavourable conditions, such alterations may ultimately subtract from the energy available for growth and reproduction (Stumpp et al, 2011;Fitzer et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational effects alleviate severe fecundity loss during ocean acidification in a ubiquitous planktonic copepod

Thor

Dupont

2015

Global Change Biology

192

159

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Ocean acidification (OA) caused by anthropogenic CO2 emission is projected for thousands of years to come, and significant effects are predicted for many marine organisms. While significant evolutionary responses are expected during such persistent environmental change, most studies consider only short-term effects. Little is known about the transgenerational effects of parental environments or natural selection on the capacity of populations to counter detrimental OA effects. In this study, six laboratory populations of the calanoid copepod Pseudocalanus acuspes were established at three different CO2 partial pressures (pCO2 of 400, 900 and 1550 μatm) and grown for two generations at these conditions. Our results show evidence of alleviation of OA effects as a result of transgenerational effects in P. acuspes. Second generation adults showed a 29% decrease in fecundity at 900 μatm CO2 compared to 400 μatm CO2 . This was accompanied by a 10% increase in metabolic rate indicative of metabolic stress. Reciprocal transplant tests demonstrated that this effect was reversible and the expression of phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, these tests showed that at a pCO2 exceeding the natural range experienced by P. acuspes (1550 μatm), fecundity would have decreased by as much as 67% compared to at 400 μatm CO2 as a result of this plasticity. However, transgenerational effects partly reduced OA effects so that the loss of fecundity remained at a level comparable to that at 900 μatm CO2 . This also relieved the copepods from metabolic stress, and respiration rates were lower than at 900 μatm CO2 . These results highlight the importance of tests for transgenerational effects to avoid overestimation of the effects of OA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational effects alleviate severe fecundity loss during ocean acidification in a ubiquitous planktonic copepod

Thor

Dupont

2015

Global Change Biology

192

159

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“…Maternal environment shape the physiological regulation of offspring, however, this maternal maintenance may change in fluctuating environment [ 44 ]. Offspring experiencing significant environmental changes may ultimately alter the energy for growth and reproduction [ 45 ]. We found that life history parameters of offspring, such as time to first brood, number of neonates at first clutch, body length and total population was impacted by maternal Ca, when raised on increased amount of M .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of calcium in improving resistance of Daphnia to Microcystis

Akbar

Jia

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Changing environmental calcium (Ca) and rising cyanobacterial blooms in lake habitats could strongly reduce Daphnia growth and survival. Here, we assessed the effects of maternal Ca in Daphnia on transfer of resistance to their offspring against Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 (M. aeruginosa). Laboratory microcosm experiments were performed to examine effects in Daphnia carinata (D. carinata) and Daphnia pulex (D. pulex), and that how Ca induce responses in their offspring. The results showed that growth and survival were increased in offspring from exposed Daphnia as compared to unexposed, when raised in high Ca and increasing M. aeruginosa concentration. Among exposed Daphnia, offspring from high Ca mothers, produced more neonates with large size and higher survival as compared to offspring from low maternal Ca. Exposed D. carinata and D. pulex offspring, when reared in Ca deficient medium and increasing M. aeruginosa concentration, time to first brood increased, size become large and total offspring decreased subsequently in three alternative broods in offspring from low maternal Ca. In contrast, growth and reproduction in offspring from high Ca exposed mothers were consistent in three alternative broods. Despite species specific responses in growth, survival and variant life history traits in two Daphnia species, our results not only show maternal induction in Daphnia but also highlight that offspring response to M. aeruginosa varies with maternal Ca. This study demonstrates that Ca have role in Daphnia maternal induction against Microcystis, and recent Ca decline and increasing Microcystis concentration in lakes may decrease Daphnia growth and survival. Our data provide insights into the interactive effect of maternal Ca and Microcystis exposure on Daphnia and their outcome on offspring life history traits and survival.

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“…Adverse effects of Cu exposure in marine invertebrates include metabolic disruption, cytotoxicity, and neurotoxicity (Brown et al 2004;Lauer et al 2012). More specifically in copepods, Cu exposure may delay development and thus increase age at maturity (Sullivan et al 1983;Kwok et al 2008), reduce reproductive output (Reeve et al 1977;Fitzer et al 2013), and reduce foraging activity (Sharp and Stearns 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Effects of Predation Risk and Copper on Copepod Respiration Rates

Lode

Heuschele

Andersen

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Natural biotic and anthropogenic stressors can interact to alter contaminant toxicity. Energetic restrictions are potential mechanisms causing this pattern. To identify processes underlying observed effects of predation risk and copper (Cu) on delayed copepod age at maturity, we examined how these 2 stressors affect respiration rates. We tested 2 very different copepod species: the large, pelagic calanoid Calanus finmarchicus and the small, semibenthic harpacticoid Tigriopus brevicornis. Adult individuals were exposed for 12 h to the treatments: predation risk, Cu (23 µg L−1), combined predation risk and Cu (23 µg L−1), or control. Oxygen concentrations were monitored continuously. The 2 species differed in their responses. We found no clear effects of either stressor in C. finmarchicus. In T. brevicornis, predation risk increased respiration rates, whereas Cu alone had little impact. In contrast, combined exposure to predation risk and Cu interacted to reduce respiration rates to less than expected. We further observed an effect of sex because female‐biased T. brevicornis replicates were more sensitive to both predation risk (increased respiration rates) and Cu exposure (reduced respiration rates). The present study provides further evidence that predation risk can interact with copepod responses toward Cu exposure. Interactive effects of biotic stressors ought to be considered to improve future marine environmental monitoring. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1765–1773. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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Response of Copepods to Elevated pCO2 and Environmental Copper as Co-Stressors – A Multigenerational Study

Cited by 37 publications

References 75 publications

Transgenerational effects alleviate severe fecundity loss during ocean acidification in a ubiquitous planktonic copepod

Transgenerational effects alleviate severe fecundity loss during ocean acidification in a ubiquitous planktonic copepod

The importance of calcium in improving resistance of Daphnia to Microcystis

Contrasting Effects of Predation Risk and Copper on Copepod Respiration Rates

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