Response of coastal zone management programs to sea level rise in the United States

Klarin, Paul; Hershman, Marc J.

doi:10.1080/08920759009362106

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This may be understood as occurring on a continuum of voluntary to forced movement in response to environmental change, and displacement is understood as reactive, forced movement that may be temporary or permanent (Weerasinghe et al, 2014). Reflecting upon the literature, managed retreat has been commonly applied in coastal locations, and much discussion relates to retreat from coastal inundation and erosion (Abel et al, 2011;Alexander, Ryan, & Measham, 2012;Bardsley & Niven, 2013;Cooper, 2003;Dyckman, St. John, & London, 2014;Gibbs, 2016;Harker, 2016;Harman, Heyenga, Taylor, & Fletcher, 2015;Klarin & Hershman, 1990;Kousky, 2014;Zhu, Linham & Nicholls, 2010;Neal et al, 2005;Reisinger, Lawrence, Hart, & Chapman, 2015;Rupp-Armstrong and Nicholls, 2007;Ryan, Goddard, Abel, Leitch, Alexander, & Wise, 2012;Titus, 1986;Young, 2018). However, it can be applied to a range of risks, incorporating an array of techniques that may differ according to distinct locales and riskscapes.…”

Section: Managed Retreat History Terminology and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, at the coast, buildings must be located landward of the setback, and if there is existing development prior to the introduction of the setback line, when or if structures are redeveloped, they must be placed landward of the line if space is available, otherwise the site must be retreated from (Esteves, 2013, p. 25). Due to their limited ability to manage existing development, setbacks (and managed retreat in general) are more achievable and effective in underdeveloped localities (Abel et al, 2011;Klarin & Hershman, 1990;Tobey et al, 2010). Neal et al (2005) elucidate that, while setbacks reflect an avoidance approach, if they do not have the capacity to buffer significant environmental change (as it can be difficult to determine or apply the necessary setback extent over the long-term), they become temporary measures, with assets eventually losing the setback, or its buffering capacity is overwhelmed.…”

Section: Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neal et al (2005) elucidate that, while setbacks reflect an avoidance approach, if they do not have the capacity to buffer significant environmental change (as it can be difficult to determine or apply the necessary setback extent over the long-term), they become temporary measures, with assets eventually losing the setback, or its buffering capacity is overwhelmed. This concern was recognized early in the development of managed retreat at the coast, where setbacks in North Carolina (in 1983), Florida (in 1970), and South Carolina (in 1988 were developed with periodic reviews to address this problem, reflecting adaptive management to sea level rise (Klarin & Hershman, 1990). Rolling easements develop this thinking, where regulatory lines shift landward as high-tide shorelines erode (Neal et al, 2005).…”

Section: Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Managed Retreat in Practice: Mechanisms and Challenges for Implementation

Hanna¹,

White²,

Glavovic³

2019

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science

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Managed retreat is a deliberate strategy to remedy unsustainable land use patterns that expose people, ecosystems, and assets to significant natural (and socio-natural) hazard and climate induced risks. The term is all-encompassing, broadly capturing planned relocation in the fields of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, as well as managed retreat or realignment in coastal management and environmental planning practice. Managed retreat helps to ensure that people and the resources they value are no longer exposed to extreme events and to the adverse impacts of slow-onset environmental change. Distinct from migration and displacement, managed retreat is the strategically planned withdrawal from development in risky spaces. It can be applied at a range of spatial scales, in an anticipatory, staged, or reactive manner. Unlike traditional risk management alternatives, managed retreat affords space to natural processes and minimizes long-term maintenance and emergency management costs. While it has great promise as a sustainable disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategy, there are a number of socio-political-cultural, environmental, economic, and institutional barriers affecting its implementation, particularly in contexts with extensive existing development. There may also be significant challenges in integrating relocated and receiving communities. In practice, people are deeply connected to, and reliant upon, the security, networks and cultural values of their lands, homes, communities, and livelihoods. To realize the long-term benefits, managed retreat needs to be considered as an integrated approach that uses information, regulation, and various financial levers in a strategic manner, and recognizes the need to work alongside communities in a fair, transparent, and inclusive way.

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Section: Managed Retreat History Terminology and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Managed Retreat in Practice: Mechanisms and Challenges for Implementation

Hanna¹,

White²,

Glavovic³

2019

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science

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“…Physical infrastructure such as dikes and seawalls can be constructed or elevated to reduce the likelihood of flooding occurrence in treatment facilities. Similarly, green infrastructure such as beach dunes and coastal marshes are examples of ecological elements suitable for coastal protection [32]. Another effective green infrastructure solution is mangroves that can reduce coastal erosion and protect coastal areas from flooding.…”

Section: Adaptation Measures For Water Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience of Infrastructure Systems to Sea-Level Rise in Coastal Areas: Impacts, Adaptation Measures, and Implementation Challenges

Almeida

Mostafavi

2016

Sustainability

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Expansive areas of low elevation in many densely populated coastal areas are at elevated risk of storm surges and flooding due to torrential precipitation, as a result of sea level rise. These phenomena could have catastrophic impacts on coastal communities and result in the destruction of critical infrastructure, disruption of economic activities and salt water contamination of the water supply. The objective of the study presented in this paper was to identify various impacts of sea level rise on civil infrastructures in coastal areas and examine the adaptation measures suggested in the existing literature. To this end, a systemic review of the existing literature was conducted in order to identify a repository of studies addressing sea level rise impacts and adaptation measures in the context of infrastructure systems. The study focused on three infrastructure sectors: water and wastewater, energy, and road transportation. The collected information was then analyzed in order to identify different categories of sea level rise impacts and corresponding adaptation measures. The findings of the study are threefold: (1) the major categories of sea level rise impacts on different infrastructure systems; (2) measures for protection, accommodation, and retreat in response to sea level rise impacts; and (3) challenges related to implementing adaptation measures.

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“…The coastal zone of Bangladesh stretches 710 km from Teknaf in the southeast to Khulna in the southwest. Comprehensive management of this coastal area attempts to integrate policy and planning in a scheme that will include multiple uses of the coastal zone, economic potential, and natural resources (Klarin and Hershman, 1990). In the case of Bangladesh, the preparation for natural hazards must be a feature of the CZMP, including three areas of major attention : flood prevention, flood preparedness, and engineering measures to protect specific areas.…”

Section: Recommendations Coastal Zone Management Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea-level rise and its impact on Bangladesh

Ortiz¹

1994

Ocean & Coastal Management

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Global temperatures are expected to increase as a result of the so-called "greenhouse" effect, causing concern among scientists who fear that the sea level may rise as much as three meters by 2100. Using mid-range sea-levelrise scenarios of 1.5 and 2 meters potential socioeconomic impacts on coastal Bangladesh are discussed. The geography is described to point out the spatial extent and magnitude of potential damages. Topographic and politicaladministrative maps are used for population distribution and economic analyses of the areas which would be affected in the sea level rise scenarios. A valuation technique is used to project the gradual GOP loss of the regions most affected from the years 2000-2100. Based on these analyses, implications for Bangladesh policies are discussed and recommendations made that intend to compromise immediate and long-term solutions. Taking into consideration the socioeconomic status of the country the implementation of a coastal zone management plan is recommended in order to preserve and protect its natural resources, but above all, to mitigate the hazards to life and property from eustatic rises in sea level and from storm surges. The results of this study indicate that, in order to avoid or mitigate the potential harm of sea level rise, the government, private organizations, and international agencies must initiate counter measures, beginning with strategic planning based on the assumption that the phenomenon will take place. Furthermore, steps to be adopted to reduce actual danger of ocean flooding will, at the same time be steps for sea level rise preparation. Major population centers that are located in high-risk areas, 1.5 or 2 m above sea level, must gradually move landward. Finally, this thesis is dedicated to my wife, Ruth, whose love and support have brought this work to completion. Without her timely encouragement, tolerance, and clear thinking, all this work would not be done. The days and nights she spent revlswinq, correcting and editing text with me and for me were invaluable. Gracias, sweetie.iii

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Response of coastal zone management programs to sea level rise in the United States

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Managed Retreat in Practice: Mechanisms and Challenges for Implementation

Managed Retreat in Practice: Mechanisms and Challenges for Implementation

Resilience of Infrastructure Systems to Sea-Level Rise in Coastal Areas: Impacts, Adaptation Measures, and Implementation Challenges

Sea-level rise and its impact on Bangladesh

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