Response of Canine Soft Tissue Sarcoma to Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Tierce, Rebecca; Martin, Tiffany; Hughes, Ken; Swancutt, Katy L.; Rao, Sangeeta; Leary, Del; LaRue, Susan M.; Boss, Mary‐Keara

doi:10.1667/rade-20-00271.1

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…These doubling times would correspond to latency periods of 1-3 years. However, these estimates are likely conservative given that cancer is not typically diagnosed as soon as it reaches the threshold of clinical detection; in dogs, cancers are often diagnosed, or present for treatment, at 2.5-10 cm [61,[69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78], corresponding to 10 billion to 500 billion cells, and implying latency periods upwards of 5 years. This estimate is consistent with multi-year latency periods documented in dogs following exposure to ionizing radiation: 2-10+ years for bone malignancies [79][80][81], 2-4 years for hemangiosarcomas [67], 4-10+ years for hepatic malignancies [82], and 3-10+ years for pulmonary malignancies [83].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Age at cancer diagnosis by breed, weight, sex, and cancer type in a cohort of more than 3,000 dogs: Determining the optimal age to initiate cancer screening in canine patients

Rafalko¹,

Kruglyak²,

McCleary‐Wheeler³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The goal of cancer screening is to detect disease at an early stage when treatment may be more effective. Cancer screening in dogs has relied upon annual physical examinations and routine laboratory tests, which are largely inadequate for detecting preclinical disease. With the introduction of non-invasive liquid biopsy cancer detection methods, the discussion is shifting from how to screen dogs for cancer to when to screen dogs for cancer. To address this question, we analyzed data from 3,452 cancer-diagnosed dogs to determine the age at which dogs of certain breeds and weights are typically diagnosed with cancer. In our study population, the median age at cancer diagnosis was 8.8 years, with males diagnosed at younger ages than females, and neutered dogs diagnosed at significantly later ages than intact dogs. Overall, weight was inversely correlated with age at cancer diagnosis, and purebred dogs were diagnosed at significantly younger ages than mixed-breed dogs. For breeds represented by ≥10 dogs, a breed-based median age at diagnosis was calculated. A weight-based linear regression model was developed to predict the median age at diagnosis for breeds represented by ≤10 dogs and for mixed-breed dogs. Our findings, combined with findings from previous studies which established a long duration of the preclinical phase of cancer development in dogs, suggest that it might be reasonable to consider annual cancer screening starting 2 years prior to the median age at cancer diagnosis for dogs of similar breed or weight. This logic would support a general recommendation to start cancer screening for all dogs at the age of 7, and as early as age 4 for breeds with a lower median age at cancer diagnosis, in order to increase the likelihood of early detection and treatment.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Age at cancer diagnosis by breed, weight, sex, and cancer type in a cohort of more than 3,000 dogs: Determining the optimal age to initiate cancer screening in canine patients

Rafalko¹,

Kruglyak²,

McCleary‐Wheeler³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…The primary benefit of early‐stage detection is intuitive. Dogs treated for cancer at early stages have shown improved outcomes for a variety of cancer types, including lymphoma, 14 , 15 hemangiosarcoma, 16 osteosarcoma, 17 mast cell tumor, 18 soft tissue sarcoma, 19 , 20 malignant melanoma, 21 mammary gland carcinoma, 22 and anal sac carcinoma. 23 The benefits of preclinical detection may not be as immediately evident but also have been well‐documented in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer detection in clinical practice and using blood‐based liquid biopsy: A retrospective audit of over 350 dogs

Flory¹,

McLennan²,

Peet³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Guidelines‐driven screening protocols for early cancer detection in dogs are lacking, and cancer often is detected at advanced stages. Hypothesis/Objectives To examine how cancer typically is detected in dogs and whether the addition of a next‐generation sequencing‐based “liquid biopsy” test to a wellness visit has the potential to enhance cancer detection. Animals Client‐owned dogs with definitive cancer diagnoses enrolled in a clinical validation study for a novel blood‐based multicancer early detection test. Methods Retrospective medical record review was performed to establish the history and presenting complaint that ultimately led to a definitive cancer diagnosis. Blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction, library preparation, and next‐generation sequencing. Sequencing data were analyzed using an internally developed bioinformatics pipeline to detect genomic alterations associated with the presence of cancer. Results In an unselected cohort of 359 cancer‐diagnosed dogs, 4% of cases were detected during a wellness visit, 8% were detected incidentally, and 88% were detected after the owner reported clinical signs suggestive of cancer. Liquid biopsy detected disease in 54.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.5%‐59.8%) of patients, including 32% of dogs with early‐stage cancer, 48% of preclinical dogs, and 84% of dogs with advanced‐stage disease. Conclusions/Clinical Importance Most cases of cancer were diagnosed after the onset of clinical signs; only 4% of dogs had cancer detected using the current standard of care (i.e., wellness visit). Liquid biopsy has the potential to increase detection of cancer when added to a dog's wellness visit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,75,95,96,116 These doubling times would correspond to latency periods of 1 to 3 years based on the calculation presented above. However, these estimates are likely conservative since cancer is not typically diagnosed as soon as it reaches the threshold of clinical detection; in dogs, cancers are often diagnosed, or present for treatment, in the range of 2.5 to 10 cm 49,62,63,74,78,83,98,105,107,108,117 (containing 10 billion to 500 billion cells), corresponding to latency periods upwards of 5 years. This estimate is consistent with multi-year latency periods previously documented in dogs following exposure to ionizing radiation: 2 to 10+ years for bone malignancies, 43,59,76 2 to 4 years for hemangiosarcomas, 116 4 to 10+ years for hepatic malignancies, 48 and 3 to 10+ years for pulmonary malignancies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at cancer diagnosis by breed, weight, sex, and cancer type in a cohort of over 3,000 dogs: determining the optimal age to initiate cancer screening in canine patients

Rafalko¹,

Kruglyak²,

McCleary‐Wheeler³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The goal of cancer screening is to detect disease at an early stage when treatment may be more effective. Until recently, cancer screening in dogs has relied upon annual physical examinations and routine laboratory tests, which are largely inadequate for detecting preclinical disease. With the introduction of non-invasive liquid biopsy cancer detection methods, the discussion is shifting from How to screen dogs for cancer to When to screen dogs for cancer. To address this question, data from 3,452 cancer-diagnosed subjects were analyzed to determine the age at which dogs of certain breeds and weights are typically diagnosed with cancer. In the study population, the median age at cancer diagnosis was 8.8 years, with males diagnosed at younger ages than females, and spayed/neutered dogs diagnosed at significantly later ages than intact dogs. Overall, weight was inversely correlated with age at cancer diagnosis, and purebred dogs were diagnosed at significantly younger ages than mixed-breed dogs. For breeds with 10 or more subjects, a breed-based median age at diagnosis was calculated. A weight-based linear regression model was developed to predict the median age at diagnosis for breeds represented by fewer than 10 subjects and for mixed-breed dogs. The study findings support a general recommendation to start cancer screening for all dogs at the age of 7, and as early as 4 years of age for breeds with a lower median age at cancer diagnosis, in order to increase the chances of early detection and treatment.

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Response of Canine Soft Tissue Sarcoma to Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Cited by 7 publications

References 69 publications

Age at cancer diagnosis by breed, weight, sex, and cancer type in a cohort of more than 3,000 dogs: Determining the optimal age to initiate cancer screening in canine patients

Age at cancer diagnosis by breed, weight, sex, and cancer type in a cohort of more than 3,000 dogs: Determining the optimal age to initiate cancer screening in canine patients

Cancer detection in clinical practice and using blood‐based liquid biopsy: A retrospective audit of over 350 dogs

Age at cancer diagnosis by breed, weight, sex, and cancer type in a cohort of over 3,000 dogs: determining the optimal age to initiate cancer screening in canine patients

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