Response of broiler chicks to essential and non-essential amino acid supplementation of low crude protein diets

Corzo, A.; Fritts, C. A.; Kidd, M. T.; Kerr, B. J.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.11.007

Cited by 127 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is in agreement with our earlier findings (Awad et al, 2014) and it could be attributed to insufficient nitrogen sources for NEAA synthesis (Han et al, 1992;Aletor, et al, 2000;Corzo, et al, 2005;Dean et al, 2006). In a standard broiler diet, the NEAA were synthesised from the extra balance of EAA (Waldroup, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Several studies investigated the potential of nonessential amino acids (NEAA) to enhance the performance of broilers fed low-CP, essential amino acids (EAA) supplemented diets with some discrepancies in their findings. Some studies showed similar growth performance when the low-CP diets were supplemented with NEAA either in individual (Dean et al, 2006;McGill et al, 2012a;Laudadio et al, 2012) or in combined form (Aletor, et al, 2000;Fatufe and Rodehutscord, 2005;Corzo et al, 2005;Dean et al, 2006). However, others failed to achieve performance equal to that of positive control group (Kidd et al, 1996;Hussein et al, 2001;Waldroup et al, 2005;Berres et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Amino Acids Fortification of Low-protein Diet for Broilers Under Tropical Climate. 2. Nonessential Amino Acids and Increasing Essential Amino Acids

Awad

Zulkifli

Farjam

et al. 2014

Italian Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A three-week trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of nonessential amino acids (NEAA) supplementation to a low-crude protein (CP) diet with adequate essential amino acids (EAA) level on growth performance, blood metabolites, and relative weights of abdominal fat, breast yield, and internal organs in broiler chickens raised under tropical hot and humid environment. Five isocaloric (3000 metabolisable energy/kg) corn-soybean diets were administered (1 to 21 days) to 5 groups of broilers (60 birds/group) as follows: i) 22.2% CP (positive control; PC); ii) 16.2% CP+all EAA to meet or exceed the National Research Council (1994) recommendations (negative control; NC); iii) NC+further EAA to equal the levels in the PC diet; iv) NC+NEAA to equal the levels in the PC; v) NC+EAA and NEAA to equal the amino acids levels in the PC diet. The results showed that the fortification of EAA alone, only improved feed intake (FI), whereas, addition of NEAA or EAA+NEAA significantly enhanced body weight, daily weight gain, and FI and decreased the feed conversion ratio to the same levels as in PC. Serum uric acid was significantly reduced and serum triglyceride increased in NC group. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on relative weights of heart, liver, abdominal fat, breast meat yield, serum albumin, and serum total protein. In conclusion, these results suggest that NEAA fortification may improve the growth performance of broilers fed an excessive low-CP diet under tropical hot and humid condition.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acids Fortification of Low-protein Diet for Broilers Under Tropical Climate. 2. Nonessential Amino Acids and Increasing Essential Amino Acids

Awad

Zulkifli

Farjam

et al. 2014

Italian Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The efficiency of amino acid utilisation is better when all amino acids are at or slightly below their requirement for protein accretion and maintenance rather than above their requirement (Corzo et al, 2005). This finding provides support for using the slope of linear response plateau model to determine the efficiency of utilisation of amino acids for PD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

Donato

Sakomura

Silva

et al. 2016

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The intensification of livestock have increased the emission of pollutants to the environment, leading to a growing interest in seeking strategies that minimise these emissions. Studies have shown that it is possible to manipulate diets by reducing CP levels and thus reducing nitrogen (N) excretion, without compromising performance. However, there is no knowledge of any study that has focused on reducing N excretion and relating this reduction to individual amino acids. This study investigated the effect of dietary methionine + cysteine (MC) and threonine (THR), the two most limiting amino acids for broiler production, on nitrogen excretion (NE) and nitrogen deposition (ND) and determined the efficiency of utilisation of both amino acids for protein deposition. Six trials were conducted to measure the NE and ND in broiler chickens during three rearing phases in response to dietary amino acid. The efficiency of utilisation of the amino acids was calculated by linear regression of body protein deposition and the amino acid intake. Despite the differences between sexes and phases, the efficiency of utilisation was the same, being 0.60 and 0.59 for MC and THR, respectively. The rate of NE behaved exponentially, increasing with amino acid intake, and can exceed 50% of N intake, being higher than ND. On average, for a reduction in intake of each unit of MC or THR (mg) there is a reduction of 0.5% of NE. Although this reduction seems low, considering that it corresponds to changes in one amino acid only, the impact on a large scale would be significant. Knowledge of how animals respond to NE and ND/protein deposition according to amino acid dietary content may represent new efforts towards reducing the impact on environment.Keywords: amino acids, efficiency of utilisation, environmental pollution, nutrition, poultry ImplicationsThis study shows the effect of amino acids on nitrogen excretion and deposition and on their efficiency of utilisation for protein deposition by broilers. The nitrogen originating from the poultry is an environmental pollutant. Provision of higher amounts of amino acids, besides not increasing protein deposition, also causes increased nitrogen excretion. Meeting animal's amino acids requirements, provides greater efficiency of utilisation of these amino acids, without affecting protein deposition in the animals, and thus reduces nitrogen excretion. In this way, the management of amino acids in broilers diets may allow new efforts to reduce the impact of intensification of livestock. IntroductionThe intensification of livestock have significantly increased the emission of pollutants to the environment, leading to a growing interest in seeking alternatives that minimise these emissions. The European Union has already implemented laws regulating environmental pollution, especially in regard to the emission of nitrogen (N) compounds, considered to be a critical pollutants affecting life on earth (European Commission, 2007). N compounds are responsible for pollution of groundwater due to nitrate lea...

show abstract

“…The results from Trial 2 showed an increase in N retention and a decrease in NH 3 emissions per bird in response to reduced dietary CP. Powers and Angel (2008) reported a 15% reduction in NH 3 emissions as a result of reducing dietary CP by 2 percentage points, and numerous studies support the trend towards reduced NH 3 from lower CP diets (Elwinger and Svensson 1996;Corzo et al 2005;Powers and Angel 2008;Liu et al 2011). Reduced NH 3 emissions result in lower indirect N 2 O emissions.…”

Section: Mitigation Of Gaseous Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) has been effective in reducing NH 3 (Elwinger and Svensson 1996;Corzo et al 2005;Powers and Angel 2008;Liu et al 2011). Mitigation focussed on litter management by increasing the litter depth has shown reduced NH 3 emissions (Al Homidan et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian meat chicken houses measured under commercial operating conditions and with mitigation strategies applied

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia emissions are important environmental impacts from meat chicken houses. This study measured ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) in two trials from paired, commercial meat chicken houses using standard (control) and mitigation strategies. In Trial 1, emissions from houses with standard litter depth of 47 mm (LD 47 ) or increased litter depth of 67 mm (LD 67 ) were compared. When standardised to a 42-day-old bird, emissions were 11.9 g NH 3 /bird, 0.30 g N 2 O/bird and 0.16 g CH 4 /bird from the LD 47 and 11.7 g NH 3 /bird, 0.69 g N 2 O/bird and 0.12 g CH 4 /bird from the LD 67 . Emissions per kilogram of manure N were 0.14 and 0.11 for NH 3 -N, 0.003 and 0.005 N 2 O-N and CH 4 conversion factors were 0.08% and 0.05%. Total direct and indirect GHG emissions reported in carbon dioxide equivalents were found to be higher in LD 67 in response to the elevated direct N 2 O emissions. Trial 2 compared the impact of reduced crude protein (CP 19.8 ) and a standard diet (CP 21.3 ) developed using least-cost ration formulation, on emissions. Emissions per bird for the CP 19.8 diet were 7.7 g NH 3 /bird, 0.39 g N 2 O/bird and 0.14 g CH 4 /bird, while emissions from birds fed the CP 21.3 diet were 10.6 g NH 3 /bird, 0.42 g N 2 O/bird and 0.19 g CH 4 /bird. Significant differences were observed only in the NH 3 results, where emissions were reduced by 27% for the low-CP diet. Because of the low emission levels, total mitigation potential from indirect GHG emissions was relatively small in Trial 2, corresponding to 11 t carbon dioxide equivalents/year per million birds.

show abstract

Response of broiler chicks to essential and non-essential amino acid supplementation of low crude protein diets

Cited by 127 publications

References 22 publications

Amino Acids Fortification of Low-protein Diet for Broilers Under Tropical Climate. 2. Nonessential Amino Acids and Increasing Essential Amino Acids

Amino Acids Fortification of Low-protein Diet for Broilers Under Tropical Climate. 2. Nonessential Amino Acids and Increasing Essential Amino Acids

Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

Nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian meat chicken houses measured under commercial operating conditions and with mitigation strategies applied

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About