Response of Bone and Periodontal Ligament Cells to Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds In Vitro

Abstract

In this in vitro study, the initial response of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and alveolar osteoblast-like cells (HOB) to three biodegradable polymers with varying pore size and different mechanical properties were evaluated. Scaffolds were synthesized from poly(L-lactide), [poly(LLA)], poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one), [poly(LLA-co-DXO)], poly(L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone), and [poly(LLA-co-CL)] with pore sizes greater or less than 90 mm by salt leaching. Cells were obtained from patients undergoing routine oral surgery. After 2-4 passages, the cells were grown on scaffolds and in culture plates (control) for 3 h (PDL cells), 3 days (PDL cells and HOB), 10 and 14 days (HOB), respectively. The cellular morphology and spreading were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the attachment and proliferation were evaluated by MTT assays. The SEM images Downloaded from revealed heterogeneous cellular morphology and good spreading. Cellular attachment and proliferation were significantly higher on poly(LLA-co-DXO) and poly(LLA-co-CL) than on poly(LLA) scaffolds ( p ¼ 0.003) and highest for poly(LLA-co-DXO). Expression of bone formation markers, collagen-I (COL-I), transforming growth factor-b 1 (TGF-b 1 ), and osteocalcin (OCN), was determined by ELISA. The expression of COL-1 was similar for HOB and PDL cells, but significantly higher for pore size 490 mm while the HOB expression of TGFb 1 and OCN was greater on poly(LLA-co-CL) and poly(LLA-co-DXO) than on poly(LLA) scaffolds.

In vitro and in vivo degradation profile of aliphatic polyesters subjected to electron beam sterilization

“…Biocompatibility was confirmed according to ISO/EN 109935 guidelines [6] and a series of studies has demonstrated that cell lines with osteoprogenitor potential, such as rat-and human-derived bone marrow stromal cells (MSC), periodontal ligament cells and human osteoblast-like cells, attach, spread and proliferate well on these constructs [7][8][9][10]. Moreover, the scaffolds stimulate osteogenic differentiation of rat and human bone marrow stromal cells and human osteoblastlike cells [7,8,10].…”

Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview

“…Mustafa and coworkers [147] fabricated two types of biodegradable periodontal tissue engineering scaffolds, poly(L-lactide-co-l,5-dioxepan-2-one) and poly(L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone), by a solvent casting/salt leaching process, in vitro cell culturing tests showed human periodotital ligament cells had better spreading and the expression of bone formation markers was also improved on the two copolymer scaffolds compared with that in the PLLA scaffolds as control groups. A similar salt porogen templating approach was employed by Xu and coworkers [148] to prepare Shuanghuangbu-modified zein scaffolds for periodontal tissue regeneration.…”

Copolymer cell/scaffold constructs for bone tissue engineering: Co‐culture of low ratios of human endothelial and osteoblast‐like cells in a dynamic culture system

“…Degradable biomaterials can be used to fabricate a scaffold which is well vascularized, integrates with the host skeleton to bring cells into close proximity with each other, and stimulates the formation of new living bone, which becomes part of the body's biological systems. Our recent series of studies [2][3][4][5][6][7] has shown that poly(L-lactide-co-1,5-dioxepan-2-one) [poly(LLA-co-DXO)] scaffolds have great potential as scaffolding material.…”