Response of a Deciduous Forest to the Mount Pinatubo Eruption: Enhanced Photosynthesis

Gu, Lianhong; Baldocchi, Dennis; Wofsy, S. C.; Munger, J. William; Michalsky, Joseph; Urbanski, S. P.; Boden, Thomas A.

doi:10.1126/science.1078366

Cited by 581 publications

(505 citation statements)

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“…How are photosynthetic cycle events related to vegetation structural cycle events? Understanding of molecular and leaf photosynthesis will be necessary but not sufficient for developing answers to these questions just as the advantage of diffuse radiation at the canopy level cannot be explained based on molecular and leaf photosynthesis alone (Gu et al , 2003b . We will need to study how the characteristics of plant community photosynthesis are related to traits and adaptations of individual species in the community, how plant community as a whole shapes its photosynthetic adaptation and evolution under environmental changes, and how plant community photosynthetic cycles interact with soil nutrient and carbon pool dynamics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Seasonal Dynamics of Plant Community Photosynthesis Across a Range of Vegetation Types

Post

Baldocchi

et al. 2009

Phenology of Ecosystem Processes

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The seasonal cycle of plant community photosynthesis is one of the most important biotic oscillations to mankind. This study built upon previous efforts to develop a comprehensive framework to studying this cycle systematically with eddy covariance flux measurements. We proposed a new function to represent the cycle and generalized a set of phenological indices to quantify its dynamic characteristics. We suggest that the seasonal variation of plant community photosynthesis generally consists of five distinctive phases in sequence each of which results from the interaction between the inherent biological and ecological processes and the progression of climatic conditions and reflects the unique functioning of plant community at different stages of the growing season. We applied the improved methodology to seven vegetation sites ranging from evergreen and deciduous forests to crop to grasslands and covering both cool-season (vegetation active during cool months, This article is a U.S. government work, and is not subject to copyright in the United States. e.g. Mediterranean climate grasslands) and warm-season (vegetation active during warm months, e.g. temperate and boreal forests) vegetation types. Our application revealed interesting phenomena that had not been reported before and pointed to new research directions. We found that for the warm-season vegetation type, the recovery of plant community photosynthesis at the beginning of the growing season was faster than the senescence at the end of the growing season while for the coolseason vegetation type, the opposite was true. Furthermore, for the warm-season vegetation type, the recovery was closely correlated with the senescence such that a faster photosynthetic recovery implied a speedier photosynthetic senescence and vice versa. There was evidence that a similar close correlation could also exist for the cool-season vegetation type, and furthermore, the recovery-senescence relationship may be invariant between the warm-season and cool-season vegetation types up to an offset in the intercept. We also found that while the growing season length affected how much carbon dioxide could be potentially assimilated by a plant community over the course of a growing season, other factors that affect canopy photosynthetic capacity (e.g. nutrients, water) could be more important at this time scale.These results and insights demonstrate that the proposed method of analysis and system of terminology can serve as a foundation for studying the dynamics of plant community photosynthesis and such studies can be fruitful.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Seasonal Dynamics of Plant Community Photosynthesis Across a Range of Vegetation Types

Post

Baldocchi

et al. 2009

Phenology of Ecosystem Processes

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137

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“…It is well known that there is a significant benefit to ecosystem productivity from increased diffuse radiation because plant canopies use diffuse radiation more efficiently than they use direct beam radiation for photosynthesis (Goudriaan, 1977;Gu et al, 2002Gu et al, , 2003. Figure 4a-c show changes in the total PAR, diffuse PAR and fraction of diffuse PAR as a function of CI at the SACOL site, respectively.…”

Section: Effect Of Diffuse Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies on the effect of aerosol loading on CO 2 uptake have suggested that aerosols exert a positive function on the terrestrial carbon cycle, at least for forest and cropland ecosystems (e.g., Gu at al., 2003;Niyogi et al, 2004). Our different results for a semi-arid grassland ecosystem show the importance of canopy structure of an ecosystem and its photosynthetic interaction with the radiation field.…”

Section: Effect Of Aerosol Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers have suggested that the diffuse radiation proportion in the solar radiation can result in higher light use efficiency than direct radiation (Goudriaan, 1977;Gu et al, 2002Gu et al, , 2003Roderick et al, 2001). It is well known that changes in cloud cover or atmospheric aerosol loadings, arising from either volcanic or anthropogenic emissions, alter both the total solar radiation reaching the surface and the fraction of diffuse radiation, with uncertain overall effects on global plant productivity and the land carbon sink (Mercado et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of clouds and aerosols on net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange over semi-arid Loess Plateau of Northwest China

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The impacts of clouds and atmospheric aerosols on the terrestrial carbon cycle at semi-arid Loess Plateau in Northwest China are investigated, by using the observation data obtained at the SACOL (Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University) site. Daytime (solar elevation angles of larger than 50 • ) net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO 2 obtained during the midgrowing season (July-August) are analyzed with respect to variations in the diffuse radiation, cloud cover and aerosol optical depth (AOD). Results show a significant impact by clouds on the CO 2 uptake by the grassland (with smaller LAI values) located in a semi-arid region, quite different from areas covered by forests and crops. The light saturation levels in the canopy are low, with a value of about 434.8 W m −2 . Thus, under overcast conditions of optically thick clouds, the CO 2 uptake increases with increasing clearness index (the ratio of global solar radiation received at the Earth surface to the extraterrestrial irradiance at a plane parallel to the Earth surface), and a maximum CO 2 uptake and light use efficiency of vegetation occur with the clearness index of about 0.37 and lower air temperature. Under other sky conditions, CO 2 uptake decreases with cloudiness but light use efficiency is enhanced, due to increased diffuse fraction of PAR. Additionally, under cloudy conditions, changes in the NEE of CO 2 also result from the interactions of many environmental factors, especially the air temperature. In contrast to its response to changes in solar radiation, the carbon uptake shows a slightly negative response to increased AOD. The reason for the difference in the response of the semi-arid grassland from that of the forest and crop lands may be due to the difference in the canopy's architectural structure.

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“…components of solar radiation are significantly important to land surface processes and can potentially influence the greenhouse gas exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere [18,19]. Considering the importance of direct vs. diffuse solar radiation, most popular land surface models and ecological models such as CLM 4.0 [20], JULES [21] and IBIS [22], are designed to require the direct and diffuse components of solar radiation as the inputs.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Efficient Method of Estimating Downward Solar Radiation Based on the MODIS Observations for the Use of Land Surface Modeling

Chen

Zhuang

2014

Remote Sensing

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Solar radiation is a critical variable in global change sciences. While most of the current global datasets provide only the total downward solar radiation, we aim to develop a method to estimate the downward global land surface solar radiation and its partitioned direct and diffuse components, which provide the necessary key meteorological inputs for most land surface models. We developed a simple satellite-based computing scheme to enable fast and reliable estimation of these variables. The global Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products at 1° spatial resolution for the period 2003-2011 were used as the forcing data. Evaluations at Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) sites show good agreement between the estimated radiation and ground-based observations. At all the 48 BSRN sites, the RMSE between the observations and estimations are 34.59, 41.98 and 28.06 W·m −2 for total, direct and diffuse solar radiation, respectively. Our estimations tend to slightly overestimate the total and diffuse but underestimate the direct solar radiation. The errors may be related to the simple model structure and error of the input data. Our estimation is also comparable to the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data while shows notable improvement over the widely used National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis data. Using our MODIS-based datasets of total solar radiation OPEN ACCESS Remote Sens. 2014, 6 7137 and its partitioned components to drive land surface models should improve simulations of global dynamics of water, carbon and climate.

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Response of a Deciduous Forest to the Mount Pinatubo Eruption: Enhanced Photosynthesis

Cited by 581 publications

References 40 publications

Characterizing the Seasonal Dynamics of Plant Community Photosynthesis Across a Range of Vegetation Types

Characterizing the Seasonal Dynamics of Plant Community Photosynthesis Across a Range of Vegetation Types

The effects of clouds and aerosols on net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange over semi-arid Loess Plateau of Northwest China

An Efficient Method of Estimating Downward Solar Radiation Based on the MODIS Observations for the Use of Land Surface Modeling

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Response of a Deciduous Forest to the Mount Pinatubo Eruption: Enhanced Photosynthesis

Cited by 581 publications

References 40 publications

Characterizing the Seasonal Dynamics of Plant Community Photosynthesis Across a Range of Vegetation Types

Characterizing the Seasonal Dynamics of Plant Community Photosynthesis Across a Range of Vegetation Types

The effects of clouds and aerosols on net ecosystem CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange over semi-arid Loess Plateau of Northwest China

An Efficient Method of Estimating Downward Solar Radiation Based on the MODIS Observations for the Use of Land Surface Modeling

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The effects of clouds and aerosols on net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange over semi-arid Loess Plateau of Northwest China