Response of a Brook Trout Population and Instream Habitat to a Catastrophic Flood and Debris Flow

Roghair, Craig; Dolloff, C. Andrew; Underwood, Martin K.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0718:roabtp>2.0.co;2

Cited by 101 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover, Roghair et al (2002) suggested that in high-gradient streams, fish populations are to a large extent shaped by extreme flow events. The direct and shortterm effects of floods are largely a result of high-water velocities and sediment movement that cause the displacement and death of fish.…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of density-dependent individual growth in the persistence of freshwater salmonid populations

Vincenzi

Crivellì

Jeseňsek³

et al. 2008

Oecologia

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Theoretical and empirical models of populations dynamics have paid little attention to the implications of density-dependent individual growth on the persistence and regulation of small freshwater salmonid populations. We have therefore designed a study aimed at testing our hypothesis that density-dependent individual growth is a process that enhances population recovery and reduces extinction risk in salmonid populations in a variable environment subject to disturbance events. This hypothesis was tested in two newly introduced marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) populations living in Slovenian streams (Zakojska and Gorska) subject to severe autumn floods. We developed a discrete-time stochastic individual-based model of population dynamics for each population with demographic parameters and compensatory responses tightly calibrated on data from individually tagged marble trout. The occurrence of severe flood events causing population collapses was explicitly accounted for in the model. We used the model in a population viability analysis setting to estimate the quasi-extinction risk and demographic indexes of the two marble trout populations when individual growth was density-dependent. We ran a set of simulations in which the effect of floods on population abundance was explicitly accounted for and another set of simulations in which flood events were not included in the model. These simulation results were compared with those of scenarios in which individual growth was modelled with density-independent Von Bertalanffy growth curves. Our results show how density-dependent individual growth may confer remarkable resilience to marble trout populations in case of major flood events. The resilience to flood events shown by the simulation results can be explained by the increase in size-dependent fecundity as a consequence of the drop in population size after a severe flood, which allows the population to quickly recover to the pre-event conditions. Our results suggest that density-dependent individual growth plays a potentially powerful role in the persistence of freshwater salmonids living in streams subject to recurrent yet unpredictable flood events.

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Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of density-dependent individual growth in the persistence of freshwater salmonid populations

Vincenzi

Crivellì

Jeseňsek³

et al. 2008

Oecologia

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“…This implies minimizing constraints on habitat potentials and the expression of life cycle diversity of aquatic species that are native to these habitats. Ecosystem-based management attempts to restore: (1) natural patterns in the timing and amount of stream flows (Poff et al, 1997); (2) production and delivery of coarse sediment and large wood to stream channels (Reeves et al, 1995;Beechie and Bolton, 1999; Pierce, this issue); (3) the function of riparian communities as sources of organic matter, shade, and buffering for streams (Gregory et al, 1991); (4) connections among streams, their floodplains, and their hyporheic systems (Naiman et al, 2000); and (5) habitats required for the full range of life histories, gene flow, and demographic support among populations (Healey and Prince, 1995;Gresswell et al, 1994;Rieman and Dunham, 2000;Poole et al, 2001;Roghair et al, 2002;Dunham et al, this issue;Rieman et al, this issue). This management approach attempts to maintain forests and aquatic ecosystems that can respond to and benefit from inevitable disturbances such as fire, rather than eliminating the threat of the disturbance itself.…”

Section: Active Management Of Fire and Fuels To Restore Resilient Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire and aquatic ecosystems of the western USA: current knowledge and key questions

Bisson

Rieman

Luce

et al. 2003

Forest Ecology and Management

126

121

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Understanding of the effects of wildland fire and fire management on aquatic and riparian ecosystems is an evolving field, with many questions still to be resolved. Limitations of current knowledge, and the certainty that fire management will continue, underscore the need to summarize available information. Integrating fire and fuels management with aquatic ecosystem conservation begins with recognizing that terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are linked and dynamic, and that fire can play a critical role in maintaining aquatic ecological diversity. To protect aquatic ecosystems we argue that it will be important to: (1) accommodate fire-related and other ecological processes that maintain aquatic habitats and biodiversity, and not simply control fires or fuels; (2) prioritize projects according to risks and opportunities for fire control and the protection of aquatic ecosystems; and (3) develop new consistency in the management and regulatory process. Ultimately, all natural resource management is uncertain; the role of science is to apply experimental design and hypothesis testing to management applications that affect fire and aquatic ecosystems. Policy-makers and the public will benefit from an expanded appreciation of fire ecology that enables them to implement watershed management projects as experiments with hypothesized outcomes, adequate controls, and replication. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

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“…Binns & Eiserman (1979) found strong correlations between late summer flow and annual stream flow variation and the standing crop of trout in Wyoming streams. Flood and drought events can significantly reduce the abundance of brook trout in Appalachian streams (Roghair et al, 2002;Carline & McCullough 2003;Hakala & Hartman 2004). Abundant LWD may dampen the effects of fluctuating flows on fish abundance in small streams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Large Woody Debris Addition on Stream Habitat and Brook Trout Populations in Appalachian Streams

Sweka

Hartman

2006

Hydrobiologia

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Large woody debris (LWD) was added to eight streams in the central Appalachians of West Virginia to determine if stream habitat could be enhanced and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations increased. Brook trout populations were assessed one year prior to habitat manipulation and 3 years post-habitat manipulation. LWD was added by felling approximately 15 trees per 300 m stream reach. Four of the streams had LWD added to one 300 m reach with 300 m unmanipulated reaches upstream and downstream of the manipulated reach to observe within-stream effects of LWD additions on brook trout density. The remaining four streams had LWD added to three 300 m reaches and these streams were compared to those with only a single 300 m manipulated reach to observe the effects of the extent of habitat manipulation on brook trout density. New pools were formed by the addition of LWD, but overall pool area did not increase significantly in reaches where LWD was added. The relatively high gradient and coarse substrate of these streams may have precluded the added LWD from having a significant influence on stream channel morphology and habitat complexity. No pools were formed in the highest gradient stream, while the stream with the most pools formed had the lowest gradient. Brook trout populations fluctuated following habitat manipulations, and there was no overall effect of the LWD additions on within-stream variability in brook trout density. When there were significant differences among-streams with different extents of LWD additions, those streams receiving LWD additions over a large extent had the greatest brook trout densities. The full potential of added LWD to change stream habitat and influence on brook trout populations may take more time to develop than the 3 years post-manipulation period of this study.

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Response of a Brook Trout Population and Instream Habitat to a Catastrophic Flood and Debris Flow

Cited by 101 publications

References 23 publications

The role of density-dependent individual growth in the persistence of freshwater salmonid populations

The role of density-dependent individual growth in the persistence of freshwater salmonid populations

Fire and aquatic ecosystems of the western USA: current knowledge and key questions

Effects of Large Woody Debris Addition on Stream Habitat and Brook Trout Populations in Appalachian Streams

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