Response inhibition in psychopathy: The frontal N2 and P3

Munro, Gillian E. S.; Dywan, Jane; Harris, Grant T.; McKee, Shari A.; Unsal, Ayse; Segalowitz, Sidney J.

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2007.03.017

Cited by 98 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…One previous study with women on parole/probation found that those with violent offenses performed more impulsively than either those convicted of nonviolent offenses or healthy controls . Similarly, violent prisoners perform more impulsively on this type of task than healthy prison staffers (Munro et al, 2007). Finally, drug abusers often show increased response initiation impulsivity (Dougherty et al, 2007;Moeller et al, 2002aMoeller et al, , 2002b Moeller et al, , 2004bMoeller et al, , 2005Swann, Dougherty, Pazzaglia, Pham, & Moeller, 2004), as do individuals with alcohol-related problems (Koch & Morguet, 1985) and alcohol dependent men with physical intimate partner violence (Easton, Sacco, Neavins, Wupperman, & George, 2008).…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

Behavioral measures of impulsivity and the law

Mathias

Marsh-Richard

Dougherty

2008

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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The General Theory of Crime proposes that crime is explained by the combination of situational opportunity and lack of self-control. Impulsivity is one of the important components of selfcontrol. Because behavioral measures of impulsivity are becoming more commonly utilized to assess forensic populations, this manuscript provides an overview of three current behavioral measures. In doing so, an example of their application is provided using a group of individuals likely to come into contact with the legal system: adolescents with Conduct Disorder. Earlier age of onset of Conduct Disorder symptoms has been shown to be an important predictor of the persistence of poor outcomes into adulthood including participation in criminal activities. This study found differential behavioral profiles across distinct measures of impulsivity by those with childhood-versus adolescent-onset Conduct Disorder. Legal implications for defining behavioral deficits using behavioral measures of impulsivity and their current limitations are discussed. KeywordsImpulsivity; Conduct Disorder; Adolescence; Continuous Performance Task; Stop Task; Delay DiscountingThere is no such crime as a crime of thought; there are only crimes of actioñ Clarence DarrowTypically it is not an individual's goal to become incarcerated or otherwise experience consequences from the law, yet so frequently people behave in a manner that will most certainly lead to this outcome. Consider the case of Mr. A.W. who, in December 2007, was arrested after stealing a woman's Honda Accord in Durham, NC. Although auto theft is not rare, what is remarkable about the crime is that the theft occurred while the woman had just stepped out of her car to speak with police officers at an active crime scene that was being filmed by a crew from the local ABC news affiliate (WTVD, 2007). While this situation presented some opportunity for crime (the door was left open with the key in the ignition) it also included very clear deterrents (presence of police and being filmed). The failure of these deterrents to prevent this crime demonstrates that this individual observed the opportunity for immediate gain within this situation, yet lacked the ability to inhibit behavior despite the strong likelihood of negative consequences. This combination of opportunity and lack of control plays an important role in explaining criminal activity. In fact, the General Theory of Crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990) proposes that all crime can be explained by the combination of situational opportunity and lack of self-control of the The following is an overview of some of the current approaches to behavioral impulsivity assessment that will provide a basis for understanding the potential utility of these types of instruments for informing the legal process. NIH Public Access Utility of Behavioral Measures of Impulsivity for Informing the Legal ProcessThere are a variety of aspects of the law in which impulsivity assessment may play a role, ranging from criminal culpability and sentencing, to requi...

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Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

Behavioral measures of impulsivity and the law

Mathias

Marsh-Richard

Dougherty

2008

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…Studies examining the association between psychopathy and the P300 (a positive-going waveform occurring about 300 milliseconds after a stimulus, thought to represent deployment of neural resources to task-relevant information) have yielded mixed results, with some showing a negative association, 108,109 others a positive association, 110,111 and still others no association. [112][113][114][115] A recent meta-analysis 116 aggregating the studies on P300 amplitude and latency and psychopathy has shown a nonsignificant correlation between P300 and psychopathy, suggesting somewhat intact information processing in this subgroup. It has also been suggested that reduced P300 amplitude may be specifically associated with the Adult psychopathic offenders do not show reliable differences in heart rate reactivity to aversive or stressful stimuli, or baseline level differences in heart rate or electrodermal arousal.…”

Section: Psychophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurobiology of Psychopathy: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective

et al. 2009

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Highlights • People with psychopathic personality are characterized by a constellation of traits including interpersonal-affective features (for example, superficial charm, manipulativeness, and lack of affect and emotion) and antisocial features (for example, impulsivity and aggression). • Cognitive and affective-emotional processing deficits associated with brain abnormalities, particularly structural and functional impairments in the amygdala and orbitofrontal-ventromedial prefrontal cortex, have been found in people with psychopathy. • Psychopathy may have a neurodevelopmental basis, and future molecular genetic studies identifying genes' coding for early brain abnormalities, together with longitudinal imaging studies, are needed to further substantiate this neurodevelopmental hypothesis.

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“…However, there is little evidence for a disruption in general cognitive function (Hart, Forth, & Hare, 1990;Munro et al, 2007b) suggesting that the normal ACC-based integration of aVect and intellect does not occur. To test this, we examined the ERNs in a set of incarcerated violent oVenders (Munro et al, 2007a), who varied with respect to degree of psychopathy as measured by the Psychopathy CheckListRevised (PCL-R) (Hare, 1991).…”

Section: Autonomic and Avective Functions Of The Accmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences and developmental change in the ERN response: implications for models of ACC function

Segalowitz

Dywan

2008

Psychological Research

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The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been associated with conditions precipitating an increase in effortful processing or increased attention, including the presence of conflicting information and the detection of errors. The error-related negativity (ERN), an electrocortical response, has been used as a marker for these conditions. The ERN amplitude however is subject to developmental change across the lifespan as well as being sensitive to individual differences in personality, affect, and autonomic responsivity. In this review, we examine the implications of such influences for a standard ACC model of conflict processing, and outline the need of any model of ACC function to include mechanisms that allow for the integration of neurovisceral and cognitive domains.

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Response inhibition in psychopathy: The frontal N2 and P3

Cited by 98 publications

References 29 publications

Behavioral measures of impulsivity and the law

Behavioral measures of impulsivity and the law

The Neurobiology of Psychopathy: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective

Individual differences and developmental change in the ERN response: implications for models of ACC function

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