Response characteristics of a portable x-ray fluorescence lead detector :

Survey plans and data collection and analysis methodologies :

“…Figure 5 shows again that trim surfaces are higher in lead content than wall surfaces and also that there is more variability among trim areas than among wall surfaces. • In the listing used for illustration, the total sample is 1023…”

Statistical analysis of blood lead levels of children surveyed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania :

“…The values in the last column of Table IB Using an adhesive sivatch, interior floor dust was collected from the following locations: 1) Five feet inside main entry 2) At the head of the child's bed 3) Child's play area 4) Kitchen 5) Dining area or front of TV At the Pittsburgh laboratory, the samples v/ere analyzed bv macro and micro procedures, to determine the average level of lead content.…”

“…Readings were taken from each room in a dwelling with a portable x-ray fluorescence lead detector [5] 3.…”

Screening procedures for detecting lead in existing paint films:

“…An estimate of the bound for bias of I 0.5 1 mg/cm^was reported for an early model of one instrument [18] in going from substrate to substrate (the socalled substrate effect)…”