Response Characteristics and Meteorological Utilization of Propeller and Vane Wind Sensors

MacCready, Paul B.; Jex, Henry R.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1964)003<0182:rcamuo>2.0.co;2

Cited by 45 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The magnitude of the overspeeding will increase with D. This feature is similar to cup anemometer overspeeding and has been discussed in detail by Busch and Kristensen (1976). MacCready (1966) called this the u-error of a propeller anemometer. Here D ϭ U ϱ increases slightly as the angle ⌿ between wind direction and propeller axis increases.…”

Section: Propeller Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Evaluation of the K-Gill Propeller Vane

Verkaik¹

1998

J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.

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Dynamic properties of the K-Gill propeller vane (k vane) are assessed from perturbation theory, wind tunnel, and field comparison experiments. Measurement errors for average wind speed are negligible. The dynamic response of the k vane can be described with a single response length that is the propeller's distance constant at a 45 angle of attack. Measurement errors in longitudinal and vertical wind speed variances and the momentum flux due to propeller inertia can be described and corrected for as if the k vane were a simple first-order system. Standard spectra as well as spectra measured by the k vane itself can be used to calculate correction coefficients. In the latter case no information on atmospheric stability and boundary layer height is necessary. Transfer of lateral wind speed variance can be described as if the k vane were a damped harmonic oscillator. Measurement errors in lateral wind speed variance, however, are usually negligible because loss of high-frequency variance is compensated for by amplification of variance at the natural wavelength of the vane. The propeller's distance constant and the vane's natural wavelength derived from the field comparison experiments are both smaller than those derived from the wind tunnel experiments. When the k vane is used at elevated levels (z 20 m), however, measurement errors become small and the exact values of the distance constant and the natural wavelength become insignificant. Parameters derived from the field experiments for the 35301 model are a response length of 2.9 m, a natural wavelength of 7.8 m, and a damping ratio of 0.49. When the k vane is used at levels higher than 20 m, the momentum flux lost due to instrument inertia will usually be less than 10%. This means that the k vane is a suitable sensor for flux measurements on tall masts.

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Section: Propeller Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The propeller response to a step change in wind speed from U 0 to U ϱ can be described by a first-order differential equation (MacCready and Jex 1964):…”

Section: Propeller Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the K-Gill Propeller Vane

Verkaik¹

1998

J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.

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“…P uw is the crossspectral intensity of the longitudinal and the vertical speeds. According to MacCready and Jex (1964), the multiplication of τ by the mean wind speed U is always constant and equal to the cup anemometer distance constant, i.e. :…”

Section: Cup Anemometer Response To Wind Fluctuationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cup anemometer response to the wind turbulence-measurement of the horizontal wind variance

Yahaya

Frangi

2004

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. This paper presents some dynamic characteristics of an opto-electronic cup anemometer model in relation to its response to the wind turbulence. It is based on experimental data of the natural wind turbulence measured both by an ultrasonic anemometer and two samples of the mentioned cup anemometer. The distance constants of the latter devices measured in a wind tunnel are in good agreement with those determined by the spectral analysis method proposed in this study. In addition, the study shows that the linear compensation of the cup anemometer response, beyond the cutoff frequency, is limited to a given frequency, characteristic of the device. Beyond this frequency, the compensation effectiveness relies mainly on the wind characteristics, particularly the direction variability and the horizontal turbulence intensity. Finally, this study demonstrates the potential of fast cup anemometers to measure some turbulence parameters (like wind variance) with errors of the magnitude as those deriving from the mean speed measurements. This result proves that fast cup anemometers can be used to assess some turbulence parameters, especially for long-term measurements in severe climate conditions (icing, snowing or sandy storm weathers).

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“…Distance constants were determined using the procedure given by MacCready and Jex [1964); the senc;ors were released from rest and the data taken only after the specd sensor had reached half its final speed. Six tcst runs on the Gill cups gave a distance constant of 3.5 m ± 0.2 m: the manufacturer's value wa~ 3.…”

Section: Wind Tunnel Tests Of the Vawr Vmwr And Gilt Cup And Vane Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind measurements from an array of oceanographic moorings and from F/S Meteor during JASIN 1978

Weller¹,

Payne²,

Large³

et al. 1983

J. Geophys. Res.

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. During the Jo int Air-Sea Interact io n (J ASIN) experiment conducted in the northern Rockall Trough m the summer of 1978. oceanographic moorings with surface buoys carrying wind recorder were deployed in a n array designed to in vestigate the variability of the near-surface wind fi eld at scales of from 2 to 200 km . The wind records together with Observations Iaken o n board the research vessels participating in JASI N have. provided ground truth mea;urements for the sea surface wind velocit y sen o rs on the Seas~l satelhte: Dun~g mo~t of the ~xpe riment the wind field was characteriLcd by spallal scales !arge m compan son wtth the separallons between the buoys. On several occasio ns.pallal dtlferences associated w ith cold fronts were identified, a nd it was pos~i b l e 10 track the pas age of the .front through the array. However. quantitative analysi; of the variability of the wind field was c? mph cate~ both by a Iac k of data due 10 mechanical failures of somc instruments a nd by ~ignifica nt dtfferences m the performance of the diverse types of wind recorders. Reevaluation of the instruments used in JASI a nd rccent compari o n of some of thesc instrument; with more conventional sets of w ind sem.ors confirm the po;sibilit y that there is significant erro r in the J AS! wind measurements made from the buoys. In partic ular. the vecto r-averaging w ind recorder on W2. which was o ne of the few instrume nts to recover a full length record a nd w hic h was c ho;e n during a Seasat-JAS IN workshop a; the JAS I tandard , had performance c ha racteri!>lics tha t were among thc most difficult 10 expla in.

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Response Characteristics and Meteorological Utilization of Propeller and Vane Wind Sensors

Cited by 45 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of the K-Gill Propeller Vane

Evaluation of the K-Gill Propeller Vane

Cup anemometer response to the wind turbulence-measurement of the horizontal wind variance

Wind measurements from an array of oceanographic moorings and from F/S Meteor during JASIN 1978

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