Response by sugar beet to irrigation, 1965–75

Draycott, A. P.; Messem, A. B.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600028409

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is concluded that giving more than 125 kg N/ha in the seed bed would not have increased yield of dry matter in those years, e.g. 1974, 1975, 1976and 1977. However, in 2 years, 1974and 1978, growth rates during JuneSeptember were more rapid with 207 than with 125 kg N/ha and a higher total dry-matter yield resulted at the end of the growing period.…”

Section: Nitrogen and Irrigation On Sugar Beetmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The target sowing date was the middle of March each year, as many experiments at Broom's Barn 197319741975197619771978 Table 1). It was also planned to keep the crops as free as possible from pests and diseases.…”

Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LAST AND OTHERS mineral (ammonium plus nitrate) nitrogen, total nitrogen, % C, and pH from 0 to 150 cm deep in 30 cm layers. The neutron probe was used weekly to determine water use by the crop as described by Draycott & Messem (1977).…”

Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This depth of 150 cm was chosen because previous work with a neutron probe at Broom's Barn had shown that sugar-beet roots rarely take out water from below 150 cm (Draycott & Messem, 1977). Thus it is considered to be a maximum depth to which the crop also obtains its nitrogen.…”

Section: Soil and Fertilizer Nitrogen And Growth Of Ihe Crop Amount Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on sugar beet at Broom's Barn 1973–8

1983

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During 1973-8 six field experiments examined the effect of 0, 41, 82, 124, 166 and 207 kg N/ha with and without irrigation on the growth, yield and quality of sugar beet. The culture of the crops was planned to produce a large yield in order to determine the optimal nitrogen application for the above-average crops which many growers are now seeking to produce. Ammonium nitrate was used as the nitrogen source, broadcast in one dose before sowing as was recommended practice in the early 1970s. The growth of the crop was monitored from the seedling stage to harvest in December, as was nitrogen uptake by the crop, and water removal from the soil using a neutron probe.In 3 years when the weather was dry after drilling, the fertilizer significantly depressed the number of plants which established but plant weights showed that some nitrogen fertilizer was needed early for rapid seedling growth. Changes in the method of applying fertilizer for sugar beet are therefore suggested and are being tested. Soil analyses in the plough layer during establishment (May-June) indicated an optimum concentration of mineral nitrogen of about 40 mg N/kg soil at this stage.Nitrogen fertilizer was very important for a high yield; throughout the growth of the crop it greatly increased total dry-matter yield and at final harvest this was reflected in sugar yield. Considering the six years together, sugar yield was linearly related to both dry-matter yield and total nitrogen uptake. However, within a year, increasing nitrogen uptake above 200 kg N/ha with nitrogen fertilizer did not increase sugar yield; maximum yields of sugar each year were normally obtained with 125 kg N/ha fertilizer or less, and irrigation had little effect on the optimum amount. Explanations for the lack of responsiveness of sugar beet to greater applications of nitrogen fertilizer are being sought in further more detailed analyses of the crop and its environment. INTRODUCTIONfrom the seedling stage until harvest with and without irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer. ThroughDespite experiments at Broom's Barn, Woburn out the experiments, special effort was made to and elsewhere (Draycott & Webb, 1971; Penman, ensure a high yield so that the data obtained were 1952,1962Harris, 1972; Wolley& Bennett, 1962), applicable to the above-average crops at which there is still widespread belief amongst sugar-beet growers were aiming. growers aiming to produce consistently high yields, At the seedling stage, particular attention was that when the crop is irrigated more nitrogen paid to the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on number of fertilizer is needed to achieve potential growth and plants and growth. The former became more releyield than is usually recommended, e.g. by Sugar vant with the adoption of precision sowing to a Beet Research and Education Committee (1982). final plant stand because Jaggard (1979) has shown Previous experiments measured final yield only and the necessity of a full, regular plant stand for showed that there was little interaction between maximum yield. I...

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Section: Nitrogen and Irrigation On Sugar Beetmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil and Fertilizer Nitrogen And Growth Of Ihe Crop Amount Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on sugar beet at Broom's Barn 1973–8

1983

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“…The model used here describes canopy dynamics (Werker & Jaggard, 1997), growth and partitioning and estimates sugar and dry matter yields to within 1 t ha )1 for irrigated and rain-fed sugar beet experiments. Water stress is the major limitation to sugar beet yields (Draycott & Messem, 1977), and early drought can diminish yields by more than 3 t ha )1 (Dunham, 1988). However, competition for water with other users and with more profitable crops excludes expansion of irrigation as a management option in future scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the variability of UK sugar beet yields under climate change and husbandry adaptations

Richter

Qi²,

Semenov

et al. 2006

Soil Use and Management

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In the future, UK summers are likely to be warmer and drier. Modelling differential water redistribution and uptake, we assessed the impact of future drier climates on sugar beet yields. Weather was generated for 1961-1990 (BASE) and predictions based on low- and high-emission scenarios (LO, HI) described in the most recent global climate simulations by the Hadley Centre, UK. Distributions and variability of relative soil moisture deficit (rSMD) and yield gap (drought-related yield loss, YG(dr) = 1-actual yield/potential yield), and sugar yield were calculated for different time-lines using regional weather, soil texture and management inputs. The rSMD is estimated to exceed the senescence threshold with a probability of 75% (2050sLO) to 95% (2080sHI) compared with 65% (BASE). The potential yield loss, YG(dr), is likely to increase from 17% (BASE) to 22% (2050sLO) to 35% (2080sHI). However, increasing potential growth rates (CO2 x temperature) cause average sugar yields to rise by between 1.4 and 2 t ha(-1) (2050sLO and 2050sHI respectively). Yield variation (CV%) may increase from 15-18% (BASE) to 18-23% (2050s) and 19-25% (2080s). Differences are small between regions but large within regions because of soil variability. In future, sugar yields on sands (8 t ha(-1)) are likely to increase by little (0.5-1.5 t ha(-1)), but on loams yields are likely to increase from 11 to 13 t ha(-1) (2050sHI) and 15 t ha(-1) (2080sHI). Earlier sowing and later harvest are potential tools to compensate for drought-related losses on sandy soils

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Water Use and Irrigation

Morillo-Velarde¹,

Ober²

2006

Sugar Beet

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Response by sugar beet to irrigation, 1965–75

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on sugar beet at Broom's Barn 1973–8

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on sugar beet at Broom's Barn 1973–8

Modelling the variability of UK sugar beet yields under climate change and husbandry adaptations

Water Use and Irrigation

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