Responding to Sexual Discrimination: The Effects of Societal versus Self-Blame

Foster, Mindi D.; Matheson, Kimberly; Poole, Megan

doi:10.1080/00224545.1994.9923009

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Past research has shown that women are more likely to believe deceptions about discrimination if men are present in the experiment (Foster, Matheson & Poole, 1994). Therefore, men were also included in each session for the purpose of enhancing experimental realism, however they were not included in the analyses.…”

Section: Study 2 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Motivational Quality of Global Attributions in Hypothetical and Experienced Situations of Gender Discrimination

Foster

2001

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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Traditionally, global attributions have been thought to reduce instrumental behavior aimed at resolving negative events. However, the present research shows global attributions for gender discrimination are related to taking action against unfair treatment. In Study 1, women ( N = 157) completed a questionnaire assessing attributions for hypothetical scenarios of discrimination and collective responses to discrimination. In Study 2, women ( N = 79) were placed into a laboratory situation of discrimination and asked to indicate their attributions for and responses to their unfair treatment. In both studies, hierarchical regression analyses showed that global attributions were related to both individual and collective responses to their discrimination. Implications for examining attributions in an intergroup context were discussed.

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Section: Study 2 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Motivational Quality of Global Attributions in Hypothetical and Experienced Situations of Gender Discrimination

Foster

2001

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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“…Appendix A Finkel et al (1989) .50 501 1 1 4.00 5 3 2 0 Finkel et al (1989) .51 494 1 1 4.00 5 3 2 0 Finkel et al (1989) .27 714 1 1 4.00 5 3 2 0 Finkel et al (1989) .28 501 1 1 4.00 5 3 2 0 Finkel et al (1989) .41 494 1 1 4.00 5 3 2 0 Foster et al (1994) .31 82 1 2 5.00 3 1 1 1 Foster et al (1994) .31 82 1 2 5.00 3 1 1 1 Gill & Matheson (2006) .25 108 2 2 5.00 3 1 1 1 Gill & Matheson (2006) .51 108 1 2 5.00 3 1 1 1 Grant & Brown (1995) .31 98 2 1 1.00 3 1 1 1 Grant & Brown (1995) .61 98 2 1 1.00 3 1 1 1 Grant & Brown (1995) .41 98 2 1 1.00 3 1 1 1 Hafer & Olson (1993) . 45 70 Fränkel (1992) .31 81 1 2 5.00 5 1 2 0 Martin et al (1984) .15 90 1 2 5.00 3 1 2 1 Olson et al (1995) .32 50 1 2 4.50 3 2 2 0 Olson et al (1995) .56 62 1 2 4.50 3 2 1 0 Opp (1986) .23 390 2 1 3.00 4 3 2 0 Opp (1988) .58 121 1 1 4.00 4 3 2 0 Opp (1988) .39 121 1 1 4.00 4 3 2 0 Opp (2000) .17 720 1 1 4.00 5 1 2 0 Pennekamp et al (2006) .44 132 1 2 5.00 5 1 2 0 .45 85 1 2 5.00 3 1 1 0 (Appendixes continue)…”

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confidence: 99%

Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: A quantitative research synthesis of three socio-psychological perspectives.

Zomeren¹,

Postmes²,

Spears³

2008

Psychological Bulletin

1,972

205

2,927

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An integrative social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) is developed that incorporates 3 socio-psychological perspectives on collective action. Three meta-analyses synthesized a total of 182 effects of perceived injustice, efficacy, and identity on collective action (corresponding to these sociopsychological perspectives). Results showed that, in isolation, all 3 predictors had medium-sized (and causal) effects. Moreover, results showed the importance of social identity in predicting collective action by supporting SIMCA's key predictions that (a) affective injustice and politicized identity produced stronger effects than those of non-affective injustice and non-politicized identity; (b) identity predicted collective action against both incidental and structural disadvantages, whereas injustice and efficacy predicted collective action against incidental disadvantages better than against structural disadvantages; (c) all 3 predictors had unique medium-sized effects on collective action when controlling for betweenpredictor covariance; and (d) identity bridged the injustice and efficacy explanations of collective action. Results also showed more support for SIMCA than for alternative models reflecting previous attempts at theoretical integration. The authors discuss key implications for theory, practice, future research, and further integration of social and psychological perspectives on collective action. Keywords: collective action, injustice, efficacy, social identityWhat is it that mobilizes people to participate in social protest? This has been a key question in social science from the foundation of its various disciplines, and numerous explanations have been explored. Research has examined social movements, social groups, and experimental groups, embedded in different social contexts, and studied with different methods and measures. Although qualitative reviews of this literature are abundant (e.g., Kelly & Breinlinger, 1996;Klandermans, 1997Klandermans, , 2004Marx & Wood, 1975;McPhail, 1971;Stürmer & Simon, 2004a), there is at present no quantitative research synthesis of the literature that focuses on multiple predictors of collective action and their interrelations. This is unfortunate for several reasons.First, although the literature on this topic is large and multifaceted there is substantial scope for theoretical integration (e.g., Klandermans, 1997Klandermans, , 2004. Indeed, given recent calls for greater integration in this domain, a quantitative synthesis that evaluates and integrates these theoretical advances would seem both timely and valuable. Second, a quantitative research synthesis of psychological predictors of collective action is of interest to disciplines including psychology, sociology, political science, and economics. In such a multidisciplinary arena, a key challenge is to bridge subjective (psychological) and social (structural) perspectives on when, why, and how people engage in social protest. This challenge is underlined by several recent efforts in the literature to a...

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“…An individual solution will not often break down systemic barriers. Having tried to resolve a situation without making progress, the individual may experience decreased self‐esteem (Stake & Gerner, 1987; Weitz, 1982), depression (Weitz, 1982), and helplessness (Foster, Matheson, & Poole, 1994). Thus, group consciousness theories would likely argue that personality‐based hardiness may not be an effective tool for coping with a systemic problem like discrimination.…”

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Dispositional Hardiness and Women's Well-Being Relating to Gender Discrimination: the Role of Minimization

Foster

Dion

2003

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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Three studies examined whether personality-based hardiness would be associated with mental health benefits in contexts of gender discrimination. Hardy women encountering both a laboratory simulation and a hypothetical scenario of discrimination showed greater self-esteem and less negative affect than low hardy women. However, these benefits were mediated by the use of specific attributions, suggesting that well-being in hardy women may have been achieved through minimizing the pervasiveness of discrimination. The third study showed this mediation pattern occurred only for participants exposed to higher threat scenarios versus lower threat scenarios of discrimination. Thus, minimizing the pervasiveness of discrimination may have been a threat-reducing tool for high hardy women. Bandura's (1997) self-efficacy theory was used as a possible explanation for this finding.

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Responding to Sexual Discrimination: The Effects of Societal versus Self-Blame

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

The Motivational Quality of Global Attributions in Hypothetical and Experienced Situations of Gender Discrimination

The Motivational Quality of Global Attributions in Hypothetical and Experienced Situations of Gender Discrimination

Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: A quantitative research synthesis of three socio-psychological perspectives.

Dispositional Hardiness and Women's Well-Being Relating to Gender Discrimination: the Role of Minimization

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