Responding to Incidents of Low Level Chemical Contamination in Food

Szabo, Elizabeth; Jansson, Edward; Miles, D. Howard; Hambridge, Tracy; Stanley, Glenn; Baines, Janis; Brent, Paul

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374845-4.00024-2

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Several authors have reported significant interactions between the environment and cassava cultivars [45,46], representing an opportunity to identify the best discriminating environments and select stable genotypes in different environmental conditions [47,48]. Alternatively, it may be desirable to select clones adapted to specific environments [49].…”

Section: Use Of Selection Indices and Analysis Of Phenotypic Stability To Identify Promising Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Trait Selection Indices for Identifying New Cassava Varieties Adapted to the Caribbean Region of Colombia

et al. 2021

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In Colombia, the highest cassava production comes from the semi-arid region of the Atlantic Coast with relatively low yield for fresh consumption (≤11 t/ha). Development of improved varieties is based on a plant ideotype which integrates a group of desirable traits independently measured in the field. However, selecting high performance genotypes for several traits simultaneously is a complex process. Sixteen genotypes were evaluated under four environmental conditions (localities) of the Colombian Caribbean region (Cereté, Carmen de Bolivar, Agustín Codazzi, and Sevilla), and two production cycles (2016/2017–2017/2018) in order to assess phenotypic expression of selected traits, their stability, and utility in genotype selection. Selection of promising genotypes should consider both their superiority and stability. Genotypes SM3106-14, GM1692-56, CM9456-12, and GM214-62 were selected based on their agronomic performance. In addition, frequency analysis of sensorial data showed that genotypes CM9456-12, SM1127-8, SM3553-27, and SM3562-32 were preferred by panelists who assessed, color, flavor, texture, and root shape. Determination of superiority through across-environments, multi-trait selection index allows identifying genotypes with superior performance. However, selection was improved when local multi-trait selection indices were included—phenotypic stability determination (through Lin and Binns index and AMMI model) supported an adequate selection of superior and stable cassava genotypes. The inclusion of palatability response and quality features determination in cassava genotypes can be recommended to identify genotypes with higher adoption rates by farmers and consumers.

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Section: Use Of Selection Indices and Analysis Of Phenotypic Stability To Identify Promising Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Trait Selection Indices for Identifying New Cassava Varieties Adapted to the Caribbean Region of Colombia

et al. 2021

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“…In this study, a total of 94 subjects (66 from Burhinyi and 28 from Idjwi), aged 28.8 ± 12.0 years old, 59.6% female, were screened. Out of them, 54 subjects, respectively, from Burhinyi (40) and from Idjwi (14) with complete datasets were included in the final comparative analyses, whose sociodemographic characteristics are shown in Table 1. The final study population did not drastically differ from the screened groups (see Table S1 provided as supplementary material).…”

Section: General Characteristics Of the Surveyed Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cassava varieties are classified as "sweet" or "bitter", as they contain respectively <50 or >50 ppm (ppm refers to cyanide equivalents in milligrams per kilogram of cassava on a fresh weight basis) [12]. Bitter varieties are considered to be toxic and require, prior to ingestion, efficient processing for cyanogenic compound removal [13,14] below the safety level set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) at ≤10 ppm [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Seasonal Variation and Processing Methods on the Cassava-Derived Dietary Cyanide Poisoning, Nutritional Status, and Konzo Appearance in South-Kivu, Eastern D.R. Congo

et al. 2022

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This study aimed at evaluating the impact of seasons on the nutritional status and on dietary cassava-related cyanide exposure in Burhinyi and Idjwi, two areas in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, witnessing similarly high cassava-derived cyanide poisoning but differently affected by konzo and malnutrition. Cyanide content in cassava roots and flour, and urinary thiocyanate levels (uSCN) of 54 subjects (40 from Burhinyi and 14 from Idjwi, aged 28.7 (12.1) years, 63% women) were measured during the rainy season (RS) and dry season (DS), using picrate paper kits A and D1. Local processing methods proved to be efficient in removing cyanogenic compounds in fresh cassava roots during the RS. However, the cyanide content in flour samples significantly increased during DS, with ~50% of samples containing unsafe levels (>10 ppm) of cyanide content. Strikingly, the uSCN (µmol/L), from being comparably high in RS (~172.0), slightly decreased during DS in Burhinyi (~103.2; p = 0,3547), but not in Idjwi (~172; p = 0,1113). Furthermore, serum proteins and albumin levels significantly decreased during the DS, witnessing a worsening of nutritional status, in Burhinyi but not in Idjwi. The consumption of bitter cassava roots (OR = 5.43, p = 0.0144) and skipping heap fermentation (OR = 16.67, p = 0.0021) were independently associated with very high uSCN levels during the DS. Thus, restoring the traditional processing methods, and complying with them in either season should ensure the safe consumption of cassava.

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“…[10][11][12] Some plants used as crops have the ability to accumulate some elements within their tissues and later be consumed by humans.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

How to define a pharmacological or a toxic food?

Ghanemi

2015

Alexandria Journal of Medicine

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Responding to Incidents of Low Level Chemical Contamination in Food

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Multi-Trait Selection Indices for Identifying New Cassava Varieties Adapted to the Caribbean Region of Colombia

Multi-Trait Selection Indices for Identifying New Cassava Varieties Adapted to the Caribbean Region of Colombia

Impact of Seasonal Variation and Processing Methods on the Cassava-Derived Dietary Cyanide Poisoning, Nutritional Status, and Konzo Appearance in South-Kivu, Eastern D.R. Congo

How to define a pharmacological or a toxic food?

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